The impatient thrust for scholarship is the secret
- Slides: 98
The impatient thrust for scholarship is the secret of youthfulness: the undying flame that lights the human spirit
SAGE: Fall 2010 Session 4 Arizona and California Vagabonds Tramping Geology: Austin to Arctic Alaska
Geology in the News
Geology in the News China and Japan continue their disputes on ownership of potentially valuable offshore areas in the South China Sea ? ?
Geology in the News Near neighbors to wind turbines have yet to accept their continuous hum
Geology in the News Volcanic eruptions thousands of years ago devastated Neanderthals in Western Asia and in Europe Our route across Arizona
Rocky Mountain Arch Rio Rift Grand e Colorado Plateau
Colorado Plateau Cen tral Hig hla nds
No Tin or iron or coal. Colorado Plateau No river flood plains. Cen tral Hig Not a favorable environment for early human civilizations. hla nds
Colorado Plateau & the Colorado River Colorado Plateau is essentially the drainage area of the Colorado River
Pe or d og Al ighl and s am tral H So Cen o co rr fla gs fo tri re fie st d ta ff Plateau o am G Ca ran ny d on ov er D Ho Colorad o Idealized Cross Sections on the history of the Colorado Plateau
Colorado Plateau Today: Faulted & River Eroded Grand Canyon C A B Colorado Plateau Before Faulting & River Erosion Time of Uplifting, Arching, & Erosion C A B
Colorado Plateau Before Faulting & River Erosion C A B Colorado Plateau Before Uplift and Weathering Time of Subsidence, Marine invasion, & Sediments C A B
Colorado Plateau Before Uplift and Weathering Time of Marine Invasion & Sedimentation C B A Colorado Plateau Before Marine Sedimentation Time of uplift and Erosion A B
Colorado Plateau Before Marine Sedimentation Time of uplift and Erosion B A Colorado Plateau Before Uplift Time of Subsidence, Marine Invasion, & Sedimentation B A
Colorado Plateau Before Uplift Time of Marine Invasion & Sedimentation B A Colorado Plateau Before Marine Invasion & Sedimentation Time of uplift and erosion A
Colorado Plateau Before Marine Invasion & Sedimentation Time of uplift and erosion A Colorado Plateau in Pre-Cambrian Time of Sedimentation, Igneous Intrusion, & Metamorphism Where can you see all this? A Grand Canyon National Park
What rocks are visible in the Canyon?
Rocks Exposed in the Grand Canyon Cambrian Shales
North America During the Last Billion Years Where do we find Cambrian age rocks in North America? Cambrian Period
ng e Ra n Ge Fu os tu yn re cl M ine ou nt ai Colorado Plateau Grand Canyon Area What rocks lie on top of the Cambrian rocks? A limestone 175 million years younger than Cambrian
Right on the edge of the Pacific Cambrian age geosyncline
North America During the Last Billion Years Where are the rocks of the 175 million period in North America? n a pi ip s is d M rio Pe Rocks missing in Grand Canyon Cambrian 175 million years
Rocks Exposed in the Grand Canyon Mississippian Limestones Cambrian Shales
Eardley’s Paleo-Geologic Map Mississippian Period Grand Canyon Mississippian Redwall Limestone
Mountains made of Cambrian geosyncline Vast limestone shallow sea Beginning of Appalachian Mountains
Rocks Exposed in the Grand Canyon Pennsylvanian Shales Mississippian Limestones Cambrian Shales
Majo Buil r Mount ding a in C in A Southern end of the Appalachian Mountains
Rocks Exposed in the Grand Canyon Limestones Sandstones Shales Pennsylvanian Shales Mississippian Limestones Cambrian Shales Permian
A brief look at Zion National Park n of atio ilding tinu u Con tain b exico n Mou A and M in C
What rocks are visible in Zion?
Mesozoic Age Rocks 250 to 145 million years old Zion Rocks at Grand Canyon http: //www. nature. nps. gov/geology/education/foos/plateau. pdf
Rocks at Bryce Canyon National Park http: //www. nature. nps. gov/geology/education/foos/plateau. pdf
What rocks are visible in Bryce?
Rocks at Bryce Canyon National Park Sandstones and Shales at Bryce Rocks at Zion
Young Tertiary Time Uplift of and Volcanoes in the Colorado Plateau Rio Grande Rift (Graben) Basin & Range Province Petrified Forest National Park
Petrified Forest National Park
Petrified Forest National Park How did this happen?
Late Triassic Topographic Map Petrified Forest National Park http: //jan. ucc. nau. edu/~rcb 7/Latetrpf. jpg
What about the recent volcanics in the Colorado Plateau?
The last 6 million years San Francisco Peaks Colorado Plateau time of volcanics
Northern Arizona's San Francisco Volcanic Field, much of which lies within Coconino and Kaibab National Forests, is an area of young volcanoes along the southern margin of the Colorado Plateau. During its 6 -million-year history, this field has produced more than 600 volcanoes. Their activity has created a topographically varied landscape with forests that extend from the Pinon-Juniper up to the Bristlecone Pine life zones. The most prominent landmark is San Francisco Mountain, a stratovolcano that rises to 12, 633 feet and serves as a scenic backdrop to the city of Flagstaff.
Flagstaff, AZ & San Francisco Mts. San Francisco Mountain Fla gs taf f
San Francisco Peaks 6 million year old volcano Central Highlands Gr a nd Ca ny on San Francisco Peaks Cross Section San Francisco volcano melted continental crust; later smaller volcanoes and flows are melted “oceanic” crust
San Francisco mountain: east side “blown” out like Mt. St Helens Numerous later, smaller volcanoes and flows dot the landscape
Sunset Cinder Cone Volcano On to the Central Highlands
Central Highlands Geologic Province Colorad o Platea Ce ntr Bas u al H igh lan ds P rov in in a n ce d. R ang e Pr ovin c e
Central Highlands Geology Igneous and metamorphic rocks are well exposed in many areas in this region. In several areas granitic plutons have intruded into overlying sedimentary rocks. The heat and water associated with this magma caused intense mineralization of nearby rocks, particularly limestone, and copper minerals formed. These valuable copper deposits have been mined historically and are being mined today in the Clifton-Morenci area and the Globe-Miami area. The mines contain low-grade ore (not very concentrated) so huge open-pit mines have been dug to extract enough rock to gather the copper
Central Highlands Cross Section South 1. 5 billion year old granite North 1. 5 billion year old gneiss Ce s d n a l h g i H l a ntr Finally, the Basin & Range Province
Basin and Range Geologic Province Colorad o Platea Ce ntr Bas u al H igh lan ds P rov in in a n ce d. R ang e Pr ovin c e
Basin & Range Mineralization
Basin & Range Arizona Central Highlands
Basin & Range Central Highlands
Range Ba Ra sin ng e
Structure and Topography of Basin & Range Province A closer view
Folded & Faulted Sedimentary Rocks
Ore Mineralization adjacent to igneous rocks & along faults Esp. in Limestones
Basin Fill: Sandstones and Gravels Pre-Faulting Beds of Sandstone and Shales
Typical Basin & Range Structure
Additional Complications: Folding & Thrust Faulting
First: Folding Thrusting Next: Uplift & Block Faulting
Remember the great extent of the Basin & Range? Conclusion: The Arizona Basin & Recent: Igneous Intrusion Range Province was produced by uplift, block faulting (stretching), and igneous intrusion of a geosyncline
Basin & Range Arizona Central Highlands Why this shape and trend of the Basin and Range Province?
The geosyncline of the Arizona Basin and Range Province Arizona Basin & Range NW trending Next: the Nevada Basin & Range
Jurassic Period: 150 million years ago The geosyncline of the Nevada Basin and Range Province Nevada Basin & Range NS trending Putting it all together in Arizona
Putting it all together in Arizona Colo rado Flat Ce Plate lying au rock s ntr igh lan ntly dip ds Pr ovi pin nce g ro Bas our Appalachian Geosynclinal in a cks nd R Fold ang e Pr ed & ovin thru ce st fa ulte d ro cks Ge Like al H Model
s oun tain Ign eou s. M sa nd Mo Sh un ale tai s ns ha le and tam orp hic nd S ea ton Thickest part of Appalachian geosyncline turned into a mountain chain!!! Me Fo lde d Sa nd s Ea st Dip pin g Sa nd sto ne Lim est on es The Continental Crustal Model The Fate of Thick Debris in the sea along Continental Margins Here’s how Mountain Building works
Mountain Building Appalachian Example Colorado Illinois Plateau Flat Limestones Basin & Pennsylvania Central Highlands Range Ohio Gently d ip Sandsto ping nes & Sh ales Mountains welded onto continent Virginia Folded & faulted Sandstones & Shales Crushed & Melted Rocks = Mountains Where might we find Provinces represented in Arizona these rocks in Arizona?
Possible granite rocks equivalent to the folded & thrust rocks of the Arizona Basin & Range Mexico
Looking West: Nevada to California Sierra Nevada Mountain Range Could the Sierras be the granite core of the Nevada Basin & Range? Basin and Range Valley Fill Leaving the Arizona Basin & Range for the deserts of California
Leaving the Arizona Basin & Range for the deserts of California Hoover Dam California Arizona
Next Week: California!
Oceanic Crustal Plates & California South Pacific Ocean Ridge
ce ic O -Pa cif So uth an ic ge Rid Pacific Ocean Topography
ic cif Pa Oc nic ea ge Rid
Origin of Exotic Mountain Terranes Young Triassic time Young Cretaceous time From Prothero & Dott
Exotic Continental Fragments
Exotic Continental Fragments “drifting” off North America Exotic Continental Fragments Welded to North America Young Triassic time Young Cretaceous time From Prothero & Dott
California Sierra Nevada Mountains Nevada Basin & Range Utah Colorado Plateau
Tertiary Sediments Recent Coast Mountains Exotic Terrane North American Continental Crust
Subduction of Pacific Oceanic Plate under North American Continental Plate and the San Andreas Fault
Subduction under Southern California San Andreas Fault Exotic Terrane San Andreas fault
Development of the San Andreas Fault
Coast Ranges Rotation of Exotic Terrane & Origin of Coast Ranges
Subduction: Southern California Coast Ranges Sierra Nevada Range Exotic Terrane
Arizona
I-10: Arizona to California Dark color: Volcanics Ranges Cross hatched: Up faulted Ranges Light color: Basins
Physiographic Provinces of the USA Lobeck, A. K. 1966, The Geographical Press, Hammond Inc.
Physiographic Provinces: Southwest USA Lobeck, A. K. 1966, The Geographical Press, Hammond Inc.
Physiographic Provinces: Southwest USA Lobeck, A. K. 1966, The Geographical Press, Hammond Inc.
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