The Image of Portugal in Diderots Encyclopdie Masterwork

The Image of Portugal in Diderot’s Encyclopédie, Masterwork of the Enlightenment. David A. Ross Professor of French and Portuguese California State University, Fresno With PPT assistance from Ms. Anne-Marie Ross

2. Masterwork of the Enlightenment. Paris: 1751 -1780, 35 vols, in folio.

3. The Purpose of the Encyclopédie: • Advance the “modern, ” rational, skeptical, secular agenda of the Enlightenment. • Question all authority. Denounce abuses by the Roman Catholic Church allied with the State • Ultimately successful due to the size and importance of the commercial aspect of the project.

4. Denis Diderot, principal editor

5. Main Contributors were philosophes: • Diderot • D’Alembert • De Jaucourt: 18, 000 articles! • Rousseau • Voltaire • Montesquieu

6. Voltaire: 1694 -1778 Voltaire’s tomb in the Panthéon

Taxonomy Of Human Knowledge 7. Knowledge of God is located near “Black Magic. ”

8. What was the image of Portugal projected to readers of the Encyclopédie?

9. Main Articles Related to Portugal Vol. (Year) Articles: Notes: I. (1751) Angola Denounces Slave Trade. VIII. (1765) Inde (India) Praises Portuguese Discoveries VIII. (1765) Inquisition Denounces Abuses. IX. (1765) Lisbonne (Lisbon) Geographical & Historical Info; 1755 Earthquake. XI. (1765) Navigateur (Navigator) Praises Portuguese Commerce. XIII. (1765) Portugal Geographical & Historical Information. XV. (1765) Sines Praises Vasco da Gama. XV. (1765) Tremblements de Terre (Earthquakes) Includes 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Suppl. III. (1777) Jean IV (John IV) Portuguese Revolution, 1640. idem Jean V (John V) His Fine Qualities and Accomplishments; Failed to End the Inquisition. idem Joseph I Assassination Attempt Blamed on Jesuits. No Mention of Pombal.

10. Slave quarters, Portuguese Africa

11. Main Articles Related to Portugal Vol. (Year) Articles: I. Angola Denounces Slave Trade. VIII. (1765) Inde (India) Praises Portuguese Discoveries VIII. (1765) Inquisition Denounces Abuses. IX. (1765) Lisbonne (Lisbon) Geographical & Historical Info; 1755 Earthquake. XI. (1765) Navigateur (Navigator) Praises Portuguese Commerce. XIII. (1765) Portugal Geographical & Historical Information. XV. (1765) Sines Praises Vasco da Gama. XV. (1765) Tremblements de Terre (Earthquakes) Includes 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Suppl. III. (1777) Jean IV (John IV) Portuguese Revolution, 1640. idem Jean V (John V) His Fine Qualities and Accomplishments; Failed to End the Inquisition. idem Joseph I Assassination Attempt Blamed on Jesuits. No Mention of Pombal. (1751) Notes:

15. Main Articles Related to Portugal Vol. (Year) Articles: I. Angola Denounces Slave Trade. VIII. (1765) Inde (India) Praises Portuguese Discoveries VIII. (1765) Inquisition Denounces Abuses. IX. (1765) Lisbonne (Lisbon) Geographical & Historical Info; 1755 (1751) Notes: Earthquake. XI. (1765) Navigateur (Navigator) Praises Portuguese Commerce. XIII. (1765) Portugal Geographical & Historical Information. XV. (1765) Sines Praises Vasco da Gama. XV. (1765) Tremblements de Terre (Earthquakes) Includes 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Suppl. III. (1777) Jean IV (John IV) Portuguese Revolution, 1640. idem Jean V (John V) His Fine Qualities and Accomplishments; Failed to End the Inquisition. idem Joseph I Assassination Attempt Blamed on Jesuits. No Mention of

(publ. 2005) 16. Carmelite Convent today, a reminder

Lisbon 8. 6* Earthquake, tsunami, and fire * Per UC Berkeley’s Earthquake Engineering Research Center

18. Main Articles Related to Portugal Vol. (Year) Articles I. Angola Denounces Slave Trade. VIII. (1765) Inde (India) Praises Portuguese Discoveries VIII. (1765) Inquisition Denounces Abuses. IX. (1765) Lisbonne (Lisbon) Geographical & Historical Info; 1755 Earthquake. XI. (1765) Navigateur (Navigator) Praises Portuguese Commerce. XIII. (1765) Portugal Geographical & Historical Information. XV. (1765) Sines Praises Vasco da Gama. XV. (1765) Tremblements de Terre (Earthquakes) Includes 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Jean IV (John IV) Portuguese Revolution, 1640. idem Jean V (John V) His Fine Qualities and Accomplishments; Failed to End the Inquisition. idem Joseph I Assassination Attempt Blamed on Jesuits. No Mention of Pombal. (1751) Suppl. III. (1777) Notes:

An auto-da fé prior to 1755, Terreiro do Paço Royal Palace Built by Philip II of Spain during the “Babylonian Captivity, ” 1580 -1640

Intolerance: Fanaticism, persecution, torture and slavery, the source of untold suffering. Scenes from the Inquisition

21. Main Articles Related to Portugal Vol. (Year) Articles: I. Angola Denounces Slave Trade. VIII. (1765) Inde (India) Praises Portuguese Discoveries VIII. (1765) Inquisition Denounces Abuses. IX. (1765) Lisbonne (Lisbon) Geographical & Historical Info; 1755 Earthquake. XI. (1765) Navigateur (Navigator) Praises Portuguese Commerce. XIII. (1765) Portugal Geographical & Historical Information. XV. (1765) Sines Praises Vasco da Gama. XV. (1765) Tremblements de Terre (Earthquakes) Includes 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Suppl. III. (1777) Jean IV (John IV) Portuguese Revolution, 1640. idem Jean V (John V) His Fine Qualities and Accomplishments; Failed to End the Inquisition. idem Joseph I Assassination Attempt Blamed on Jesuits. No Mention of Pombal. (1751) Notes:

John IV King of Portugal 1640 -1656

John V, King of Portugal 1706 -1750

Joseph I King of Portugal 1750 -1777