THE ILS AND BEYOND INTRODUCTION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

THE ILS AND BEYOND: INTRODUCTION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http: //www. librarytechnology. org/ January 14, 2011 http: //twitter. com/mbreeding De. Vry

Abstract The shape of library collections and the needs of their users present major challenges for the development of adequate technology support components. Marshall Breeding will present his view of the current state of the art of library management systems, the role of discovery products to improve end-user experiences.

Agenda What is an ILS What are the advantages Current trends in the marketplace What to look for when selecting an ILS Best of breed Q&A If time permits How can an ILS reduce operating expenses Can an ILS market a library’s services Success stories (best demonstrated practices) Benefits of an ILS to the patron

What is an ILS and why libraries need them

Definition Integrated Library System (US) Library Management System (UK / Australia) Business automation for library operations Service delivery for library patrons Multiple modules that specialize in different sectors of library activity Tied together through common databases

Traditional ILS Model Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores Circulation BIB Cataloging Holding / Items Acquisitions Circ Transact User Serials Vendor Online Catalog $$$ Funds Policies

ILS Modules Cataloging Circulation Manages tasks related to lending materials Loan policies, fines, notices, renewals, holds Acquisitions Resource description MARC bibliographic records, holdings, items Procurement of new materials Vendor file, fund management, invoice processing Serials Manages periodicals and serials Procurement, check-in, routing

ILS front-end: online catalog OPAC = online public access catalog Access to the collection and services for library patron Search and display of materials Patron services Login with barcode / PIN or Username/Password View current checkouts Place holds Pay fines OPACs being displaced by next-gen catalogs or discovery interfaces

History of the ILS Emerged in the early 1970’s Companies or products included Geac, CLSI, Data. Phase Cycles of technology: Mainframe > Client/Server > Web-based Library Development > Vendors > Open source / Library Development

History of Library Automation Industry

ILS companies/products Ex Libris Voyager Aleph Sirsi. Dynix Symphony Horizon Innovative Interfaces OCLC The Library Corporation Library. Solution Polaris Library Systems Polaris Web-scale Management Services VTLS Millennium Virtua Auto-Grapics AGent Verso

ILS products: small library Library World Biblionix Apollo Mandarin Follett Destiny Book Systems Atriuum

Open Source ILS Koha Evergreen OPALS

Advantages of the ILS

ILS enables operational efficiency Automates routine tasks performed by library staff Enables library personnel to focus on most value added activities Manages and provides access to library collections in ways not possible with manual systems

ILS Strengths The ILS was conceived primarily for managing print resources Central application for managing patrons and providing self-service functions through a Webbased OPAC Connects with self-check stations and other peripheral systems Essential automation for any library with physical assets

The Shrinking ILS The Library Management System no longer stands as the single library automation product that provides comprehensive support for all aspects of library operations. Many libraries putting much less emphasis on LMS Manages workflows related to physical materials Investments in electronic content increasing Management of e-content handled outside of the ILS

…shrinking ILS Yet: libraries need comprehensive business automation more than ever. Mandate for more efficient operations. Do more with less. Proliferation of automation products needed to handle all aspects of libraries can overwhelm many libraries Libraries lack technical personnel and needed capital to purchase and manage multiple systems

Breaking out of the mold Academic and Research libraries especially struggle with how to deal with managing increasing proportions of licensed electronic content ILS geared toward print materials New products aim to manage library resources spanning print and electronic; owned or licensed Examples: Ex Libris Alma, Kuali OLE

Legacy ILS + e-content modules End User Interfaces: Circulation Functional modules: Federated Search Cataloging Data Stores: Staff Interfaces: Acquisitions Serials Open. URL Linking Electronic Resource Mgmt System

ILS / Electronic Resource Management Staff Interfaces: Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions. Serials Online Protocols: CORE ` E-resource License Procurement. Management Catalog BIB Holding Circ $$$ User Vendor Policies / Items. Transact Funds E-Journal Vendors Titles License Terms

ILS / Electronic Resource Management Staff Interfaces: Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Print + Electronic BIB Holding Circ User / Items Transact Serials + e-resources Vendor License manager $$$ Funds Policies Online Catalog License Terms

Industry Trends

Current state of the industry

Library Technology Guides o. y g o l o n h w i l. ww c e t y r bra

Dynamics of the ILS market. pl r e v o n r tu ils / g r l o n h ec t y r w . li : p t t h w w // a r b o. y g o

Library Journal Automation Marketplace Published annually in April 1 issue Based on data provided by each vendor Focused primarily on North America Context of global library automation market

LJ Automation Marketplace Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: 2010: New Models, Core Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

New Models… …no longer an industry where companies compete on the basis of the best or the most features in similar products but one where companies distinguish themselves through products and services that define different futures for their library customers.

Core Systems… Although ILS sales no longer completely define the library automation market, new sales and ongoing support of these flagship products continue as the largest and most reliable revenue stream.

Key Context: Libraries in Transition Shift from Print > Electronic Increasing emphasis on subscribed content, especially articles and databases Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

Key Context: Library Users in Transition New generations of library users: Millennial generation Self sufficient – reluctant to seek assistance Perceive themselves as competent to use information tools without help Web savvy / Digital natives Pervasive Web 2. 0 concepts / Inherently collaborative work styles

Key Context: Technologies in transition XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture Beyond Web 2. 0 Integration of social computing into core infrastructure Local computing shifting to cloud platforms Saa. S / private cloud / public cloud Full spectrum of devices full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

Dynamics of the Library Automation Scene Evolutionary ILS Revolutionary ILS Open source and Proprietary alternatives http: //www. uoguelph. ca/theportico/science/people/

ILS: a legacy concept? ILS = Integrated Library System (Cataloging + Circulation + OPAC + Serials + Acquisitions) Focused on print and physical inventory Electronic content at the Journal Title or collection level Emerged in the 1960’s – 1970’s Functionality has evolved and expanded, but basic concepts, workflows, and modules remain intact Note: Some companies work toward evolving the ILS to competently handle both print and digital content (e. g. Innovative Interfaces)

Evolutionary path Gradual enhancement of long-standing ILS platforms Wrap legacy code in APIs and Web services Sirsi. Dynix Innovative Unicorn (+Horizon functionality) > Symphony INNOVAQ > INNOPAC > Millennium > Encore Civica Urica > Spydus (Urica Integrated Systems, Amalgamated Wireless Australia, Mc. Donnell Douglas Information Systems, Sanderson)

Competing Models of Library Automation Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS Millennium, Symphony, Polaris Traditional Open Source ILS Evergreen, Koha Clean slate automation framework (SOA, enterprise-ready) Ex Libris URM, OLE Project Cloud-based automation system World. Cat Local (+circ, acq, license management)

Rethinking library automation Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital = Hybrid libraries Traditional ILS model alone not adequate for hybrid libraries Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content New discovery layer interfaces replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS Working toward a new model of library automation Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA applications Comprehensive Resource Management “It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007

Open Source ILS

Characteristics Source code made available when distributed Coordinated development community Commercial development / support firms Individual programmers at customer sites Services-based business model Conversion, installation configuration Hosting Ongoing support

Major players Evergreen: public library consortia Koha: mid-sized academic and public OPALS: K-12 schools, other small libraries ABCD: libraries and documentation centers in developing countries

Evergreen Originally developed by Georgia Public Library System for PINES consortium (262 small public libraries) Service-oriented, consortial design Feature set suited for public library consortia Missing many features for Academics: serials, acquisitions, reserve, etc

Implementations Georgia PINES British Columbia Sitka consortium Sage Library System (Oregon) South Central Library System (MN with support from Mn. PALS) King County Library System Bibliomation (Connecticut) Not seen yet outside North America

Koha Open source ILS Originally developed in New Zealand Used by many libraries in the United States with commercial support Gaining hold in Latin America Spanish translation available; some local/regional development Popular forward migration path from CDS/ISIS Workshops and training available MARC 21 -based system with adequate features

Koha Worldwide

Open source drivers Disruption of products forced through mergers and acquisitions Frustration with ability to shape the direction of development with vendors of proprietary products Interest in taking stronger hold of the strategic technologies that impact service delivery and operations Willingness to support equal or higher cost to regain control Some libraries expect long-term financial savings

Open Source Companies US: PTFS/Lib. Lime, By. Water Solutions, Equinox, Media. Flex Australia/NZ: Katipo, CALYX information essentials, Strategic Data, Catalyst Building support Concept of open source Promotion of specific products Struggling to meet expectations Satisfaction lower than many companies offering proprietary products Some companies offering proprietary products score much lower than open source

Alma: new automation platform from Ex Libris Recently branded from development name Unified Resource Management Automation platform for managing library resources across formats Highly shared data models Designed for multitenant Saa. S Expected delivery of production product in Early 2012

Alma -- continued Development partners and Early Adopters engaged Target market: national, larger research, academic Forward migration path for Voyager and Aleph Relies on Primo discovery layer Market impact: 2013 and beyond

OCLC Web-scale Management Service "the first Web-scale, cooperative library management service” New highly scaleable platform for World. Cataloging Interlibrary loan Discovery (World. Cat Local) Circulation Acquisitions License Management Early deployments underway now – UTC, Pepperdine, etc In Challenge to ILS Industry, OCLC Extends World. Cat Local To Launch New Library System Marshall Breeding, Library Journal 4/23/2009 http: //www. libraryjournal. com/article/CA 6653619. html

Open Systems Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies Open source Open API’s Demand for Interoperability Libraries need to do more with their data Ability to improve customer experience

Closed Systems End User Interfaces: Programmer access: Functional modules: Data Stores: Staff Interfaces: Cataloging Circulation Acquisitions No programmable Access to the system. Captive to the user Interfaces supplied by the developer

Open Source Model End User Interfaces: Programmer access: Functional modules: Data Stores: Staff Interfaces: Cataloging Circulation Acquisitions All aspects of the system available to inspection and modification.

Open API Model End User Interfaces: Programmer access: Functional modules: Data Stores: Staff Interfaces: Cataloging Circulation Acquisitions Published APIs Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables.

Open Source / Open API Model End User Interfaces: Programmer access: Functional modules: Data Stores: Staff Interfaces: Cataloging Circulation Acquisitions Published APIs Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables.

Legacy ILS Model / External API Staff Interfaces: External Systems & Services Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials Online Catalog Flexible Interoperability Protocols: SIP 2 NCIP Z 39. 50 OAIPMH BIB Holding Circ User / Items Transact Vendor $$$ Funds Policies

Benefits of APIs to Libraries Extensibility Interoperability Allows the LMS to connect with other automation components Create a matrix of interconnected systems rather than isolated silos with redundant data and functionality ILS maturity means similar levels of functionality ILS products increasingly differentiated by extent and quality of APIs and interoperability support

New Library Management Model Search: Library Management System Search Engine API Layer ` Stock Managemen t Pro. Que st EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resourc es Enterprise Resource Planning Learning Managemen t Digital Coll Consolidated index Self-Check / Automated Return Discovery Service Smart Cad / Payment systems Authenticati on Service

New models of Library Collection Discovery From local discovery to comprehensive discovery

Evolution of library collection discovery tools Bound handwritten catalogs Card Catalogs Library online catalogs – OPACs Next-Gen Catalogs / Discovery interfaces Social Discovery Web-scale discovery services Comprehensive presentation layer services

Bound Catalog National Library of Colombia

Card Catalog National Library of Argentina

Card Catalog National and University Library, Slovenia

Card Catalog

Card Catalog University of Kansas Library

Online Card Catalog Salem International University

Computerized card catalog

Online Catalog Search: Search Results ILS Data

Web-based online catalog

Disjointed approach to information and service delivery Silos Prevail Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections Open. URL linking services E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) Subject guides (e. g. Springshare Lib. Guides) Local digital collections ETDs, photos, rich media collections Metasearch engines All searched separately

Federated Search Simultaneous search of library catalog and selected remote resources of electronic content Based on live, dynamic queries cast to multiple targets Limited result sets, slow performance Search and retrieval protocols: Z 39. 50, XML gateways

Federated Search ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Pro. Quest Search Results EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses

Modernized Interface Single search box Query tools Did you mean Type-ahead Relevance ranked results Faceted navigation Enhanced visual displays Cover art Summaries, reviews, Recommendation services

Discovery Products y r a r b i l. w http: //ww y. pl r e v o c s i d g/ r o. y g o l o techn

Decoupled from ILS / Best of Breed

Discovery Interface Search: ILS Data Local Index Digital Collections Pro. Quest Search Results Meta. Search Engine EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses

Endeca

Aqua. Browser

LS 2 PAC

Vu. Find: Villanova University

Differentiation in Discovery Products increasingly specialized between public and academic libraries Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collection Academic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects

Discovery from Local to Webscale Initial products focused on technology Aqua. Browser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, Vu. Find Mostly locally-installed software Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery Summon (Serials Solutions) World. Cat Local (OCLC) EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) Primo Central Encore Synergy

Web-scale Discovery Search Results Consolidated Index Search: ILS Data Digital Collections Pro. Quest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Web-scale Search + Federated Search ILS Data Search Results Consolidated Index Search: Digital Collections Pro. Quest … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Fed Searc h Interim model to deal with resources not possible to harvest into consolidated Pre-built harvesting and indexing Nonharvestable Resources

Summon

EBSCO Discovery Service

Encore Synergy

Primo / Primo Central

Encore Synergy Local Index Search: ILS Data Local Index Results Digital Collections Pro. Quest … EBSCOhost Local Index Results Web Services Remote Search Results … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO

Social Discovery Builds on modernized library catalog interfaces Strong emphasis on Web 2. 0 concepts Users invited to contribute reviews, ratings, preferences, reading lists, etc. User-supplied data becomes part of the discovery process Users help each other to find interesting library materials Example: Leverage use data for a recommendation service of scholarly content based on link resolver data: Ex Libris b. X service

Social Discovery Search Results Local Index Search: ILS Data Digital Collections Web site data … User Contributed Content

Biblio. Commons

So. PAC

Questions and discussion

Thanks!