The Hundred Years War Began in 1337 over

The Hundred Years War • Began in 1337 over the vacant French throne • England lost • French victory 1453 • England lost all French lands except for Calais • France ravaged

The House of the Plantagenet • House = Family • Ruled England from 1154 -1399 • A House divided – Lancaster (red) – York (white)

York Pennsylvania Lancaster England York England NOT Lancaster Pennsylvania

Edward III Blanch of LAncaster John of Gaunt Catherine Swinfold Edmund of Langley Duke of York

Henry IV Henry VI Mary de Bohun Richard Earl of Cambridge Lancast York er Catherine of France Richard of York Cecily of York Margaret of Anjou Elizabeth Woodville Edward Prince of w. ALES Anne Mortimer Edward IV Edmund Tudo r Anne Neville Edward V, Richard of York Clarence Elizabeth Richard Henry Earl of Richmond

The War of the Roses • Red = Lancaster; White = York • Richard of York defeats Henry VI @ Somerset – Henry’s growing insanity made country unstable – Shot in the neck with an arrow (!!!!) and lived • Queen Margaret’s Lancastrian forces defeated Yorkists – Peace reestablished = “Loveday” procession – Battle ensued following year; Yorkists lost again – Richard of York fled to Ireland; traitor

War Isn’t Rosy • 1460 -- Warwick (the King-Maker) & Edward (York’s son) capture Henry VI • Queen Margaret took control AGAIN and rescued Henry VI – Richard of York was beheaded and displayed in “a paper crown” – But…. . the pendulum keeps swinging… • March 4, 1460 – Edward of King York declared

And the King is…. • Edward IV! • Until…. 1470 when he was betrayed by Warwick and his brother, Clarence – forced into exile – Henry VI was briefly declared king • 1471 – Edward killed Warwick • Battle of Tewkesbury – Edward regained kingship – Defeated and captured Queen Margaret – Margaret’s son, Edward, Prince of Wales, killed while escaping – Henry VI died “of mysterious circumstances”

BETRAYAL!!! • Edward IV = womanizer & playboy • Married Elizabeth Woodville – Widow of Lancastrian nobleman killed in battle – Love story – Married in secret in 1464 • Too many royals in the castle – 5 brothers, 7 sisters – favors • Royal negotiations with France fall through

But the Final Victor Is… • The Lancastrians! • 1485 – Richard III is defeated by Richmond • Richmond = Henry VII (House of Tudor) – Grandson of Henry V’s widow – Great-grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster – Father of the infamous Henry VIII (wife-killer)