The Human Skeletal System Types of Skeletons Exoskeleton

The Human Skeletal System

Types of Skeletons Exoskeleton – outside skeleton Endoskeletoninside skeleton

Function of the Skeletal System ► Supports –the body and gives it shape ► Protects –organs such as the heart and lungs ► Enables movement ► Storage of calcium and phosphorous ► Produces blood cells in the marrow ****

Cartilage ► Tough, fibrous, elastic connective tissue ► Functions: ► support ► Cushioning of joints ► Cartilage makes up most of the embryo’s skeleton ► Baby is born with 300 bones by the time he is 25 they fuse and then there is 206

The Bones There are 206 bones in the human body. Born with 300. They fuse up to age 25, when growth plates fully harden (ossify). Growth plates are located at the ends of long bones. ► Bones are LIVING (your bones do mend themselves)

Joints, Tendons & Ligaments Joints ► The place where two or more bones join together. ► Joints can be movable and immovable. Being double jointed only means that there is more mobility at the joints. ► Ligaments ► are tough connective tissue that connect bone to bone and prevent the joint from moving in the wrong direction. (Legos connect only to other Legos ) ► L to L- Lego to Lego, ► B to B- Bone to Bone ► Tendons ► attach muscle to bone.

5 Basic Joints Name Movable or Immovable Type of Movement Example Suture (interlocking) Immovable None Bones of the Cranium Pivot joint Movable Cranium to Neck Ball and Socket Joint Movable Shoulder Hips Hinge Joint Movable Elbow Knee Gliding Joint Movable Ankle, wrist Ribs Vertebrae

Malfunctions of the Locomotion system ► Arthritis: joint inflammation-There are over 100 different types of arthritis. ► Tendonitis : tendon inflammation at bone junctures. Happens because of poor oxygen and nutrient supply to area. ( a common condition in athletes because of overuse) ► Carpal Tunnel - a narrow, rigid passageway of ligament and bones at the base of the hand houses the median nerve and tendons. The nerve is compressed which causes pain and numbness

Knee Anatomy ► http: //www. wefixbones. net/patient- education/knee-anatomy/ ► This site shows the parts of the knee bones, ► Cartilage-torn meniscus-is torn cartilage ► tendons- tentonitis ► Ligaments-torn ACL, PCL, (located inside joint-no blood flow) MCL-outside-has blood flow