The Human Genome Project How much DNA is

The Human Genome Project

How much DNA is in one cell? n Human genome = 46 chromosomes q q n about 3 billion base pairs one base pair is 0. 0000034 meters DNA sequence in any two people is 99. 9% identical – only 0. 1% is unique!

The Human Genome Project n An international effort to decipher the DNA blueprint of a human being

Human Genome Project Goals: n n n To sequence and determine the exact order of the nucleotides (A, C, T, G) for ALL of the DNA in a human cell To determine which sections of DNA represent the individual genes To store this information in databases for analysis

Publishing the human genome

Cloning

What is Cloning? n n Cloning is the creation of an organism that is the EXACT genetic copy of the mother Identical twins are natural clones, they share 100% of their DNA Twin s versus Clones

How do you clone an 1. organism? Remove the nucleus from an egg cell and a regular cell from a donor. 2. Fuse the enucleated cell with a regular cell (that still has its nucleus) by electric shock 3. The new fused cell begins dividing, just as a fertilized egg would. 4. The embryo is placed in the uterus of a surrogate mother and allowed to develop normally. 5. The surrogate mother gives birth to a genetic clone of the original egg cell donor!

Premature aging