The Human Body Structural Organization in Animals Anatomy

The Human Body

Structural Organization in Animals Anatomy and Physiology…what’s the difference? -the study of the form of an organisms structures (parts). -the study of the functions of an organisms structures.

Structural Organization in Animals…continued Structure is organized into a hierarchical levels…the following diagram uses a pelican as an example.

Body Tissues -collection of cells that are similar in structure and work together to perform a function. -Four types: 1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. nervous

Epithelial Tissue -layers or sheets of cells that line or cover all internal and external body surfaces. -Types of epithelial tissue according to their number of layers: 1. simple 2. stratified 3. pseudostratified -Types of epithelial tissue according to their shape of cells: 1. squamous 2. cubodial 3. columnar Functions of epithelial tissue is related to its shape!

Epithelial Tissue…cont.

Connective Tissue -binds, supports, and protects structures in the body. -Five major types: 1. Tendons 2. Adipose (fat) 3. Cartilage 4. Bone 5. Blood

Connective Tissue…cont.

Muscle Tissue -composed of cells that can contract & relax. -three types of muscle tissue: 1. skeletal 2. smooth 3. cardiac

Muscle Tissue…cont.

Nervous Tissue -contains cells that receive and transmit messages in the form of electrical impulses. -cells are called neurons. -found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Nervous Tissue…cont.

Organs and Organ Systems -organs consist of a variety of tissues that work together to carry out a specific function. -groups of organs interact to form an organ system. exp. Digestive system.

Organ Systems 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Skeletal Muscular Integumentary Circulatory Respiratory Immune Digestive Excretory Nervous Endocrine Reproductive

Body Cavities -organs and organ systems are found inside body cavities. -four main cavities: cranial spinal thoracic abdominal