The Human Body By Nefertari Barham Table Of
The Human Body By: Nefertari Barham
Table Of Contents Integumentary System Skeletal System Nervous System Circulatory System Digestive System Reproductive System
Integumentary System The Integumentary System is an organ system that protects the body being damaged. It is one of the largest of the body’s organ systems. Consists of 3 major layers: Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis. The skin has an important role of protecting the body and acting as the body’s first line of defense against infection, and temperature change.
Functions Protects the body’s internal living tissues and organs. Protect the body from dehydration. Help excrete waste materials through perspiration. Maintain homeostasis Acts as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold. Protects body against sunburns by secreting melanin.
Skeletal System The Skeletal System is all of the bones in the body and the tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage that connect them. The main job of the skeleton is to provide support for our body, without bones we’d be just a puddle of skin and guts. Your skeleton helps protect your internal organs and fragile body tissues. Bones provide the structure for muscles to attach so that our bodies are able to move.
Functions The Skull protects the Brain, the eyes, and the middle and inner ears. The vertebrae protects the spinal cord. The rib cage, spine, and sternum protects the lungs, heart, and major blood vessels. The clavicle and scapula protects the shoulder. The patella and ulna protects the knee and the elbow.
Nervous System The Nervous System is very complex. Its divided into two main parts called the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System. The spinal cord and brain make up the CNS. Its main job is to get information from the body and send out instructions. The PNS is made up of all the nerves and wiring. The system sends the messages from the brain to the rest of the body.
Functions The function of the Nervous System is to send signals from one cell to others. But, the MAIN function is to control the body by using sensory receptors. Sensory neurons receive information from sensory receptors. Interneurons transfer and interpret impulses. Motorneurons send impulses/instructions to the muscles and glands.
Circulatory System The Circulatory System is made up of the vessels and the muscles that help and control the flow of the blood around the body. The main parts of the system are the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins. It transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to your body cells and carries away wastes. Its divided into three main parts: The heart, the Blood, and the Blood Vessels.
Functions The heart’s job is to pump blood and keep the blood moving throughout your body. Your blood is pumped by your heart, which carries nutrients, water, oxygen, and waste products to and from our cells. Our blood is made up of liquids, solids, and small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide. There are three types of blood vessels: Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels thinner than the hairs on our head. Veins carry blood back towards your heart.
Digestive System Digestion is the breakdown of food either chemically or mechanically in order to utilize nutrients. It takes place in the alimentary canal, made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, and the rectum. The first stage is ingestion of food from the mouth into the alimentary canal.
Functions The mouth and food and the teeth are the first step in breaking food down. When chewing is done, the tongue pushes against the hard palate, saliva helps soften the food and formed into a bolus. After chewing, the food is swallowed and passed down the esophagus by peristalsis muscles into the stomach. The stomach begins the process of chemical breakdown. After being processed in the stomach, food is passed to the small intestine and further broken down into chyme. Food goes into the large intestine, where water is removed from the waste particles that are remaining after nutrients are absorbed. The lower part of the large intestine is the rectum, where feces are stored before they are excreted.
Reproductive System The Reproductive System is a system where organs within an organism that work together for the purpose of reproduction. The system has two parts: Male Reproduction, and Female Reproduction. This allows the combination of genetics between two people and results in offspring. Human reproduction takes place as internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. A lot of non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are important to the system.
Functions The Female reproductive system has 2 functions. To produce egg cells, to protect and nourish the offspring until birth. The Male reproductive system has one and that is to produce sperm. The Male’s penis and Female’s clitoris both erect tissue. The Testes and Ovary produce gametes. And the Prostate gland Skene’s gland ejaculate fluid.
Bibliography http: //hes. ucfsd. org/gclaypo/skelweb/skel 01. html http: //library. thinkquest. org/5777/ner 1. htm http: //biology. clc. uc. edu/courses/bio 105/reproduc. ht m
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