THE HUMAN BODY BODY ORGANIZATION TISSUES ORGANS CELLS

THE HUMAN BODY

BODY ORGANIZATION TISSUES ORGANS CELLS ORGAN SYSTEMS

CELLS Basic Unit of Structure and Function in a Living Thing TISSUES Group of Similar Cells that Perform the Same Function ORGANS A Structure that is Composed Of Different Kinds of Tissues NEXT

ORGAN SYSTEMS A Group of Organ that Work Together to Perform a Major Function TYPES OF ORGAN SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY • • • Circulatory Digestive Endocrine Excretory Immune Muscular • • • Nervous Reproductive Respiratory Skeletal Integumentary

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Functions: Provides shape and support, enables you to move, protects your internal organs, produce blood cells, and stores certain materials until your body needs them • Made of two minerals: phosphorous and calcium • Contains cells and tissue • Cartilage is a connective tissue, flexible then bone (found on tip of nose and on ears) • Cartilage cover the ends of bones and serves as a cushion to keep from rubbing/ bumping against each other • Joint-place where two bones come together , allows bones to move in different ways (immovable and movable) • Thin, tough membrane cover all the bone except the end • Blood vessel and nerves enter and leave the bone through membrane • Marrow-soft connective tissue within spaces in the bone

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Functions: Keeps your heart beating, make a smile, and move the bones of our skeleton § About 600 muscles in our body § Muscle act voluntary or in voluntary § 3 Types of Muscle -Skeletal-attached to the bone of skeleton. Tendon is a tissue that attach muscle to bone -Smooth-involuntary muscle, help in the digestion process -Cardiac-involuntary, they do not get tired. EX. heart beats § Skeletal muscle work in pairs

Integumentary System Skin, Hair, Nails

Function-covers the body and prevent loss of water, protect body from injury and infection, maintain temperature, eliminates waste, gathers information from environment and produce vitamin D • Skin is made up of two layer. Epidermis the top layer and dermis the bottom layer • Pores- opening through which sweat reaches the surface of the skin • Follicle-structure in the dermis of the skin from which a strand of hair grows • Protect the skin by avoiding too much sunlight. Eating properly, and drinking water.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Function: breaks down food into molecules that the body can use. Molecules are absorbed through the blood. Then waste is eliminated from the body. • 2 types of Digestion -Mechanical - food is physically broken down into smaller pieces -Chemical - chemical produce by the body breaks the food into small building blocks • Absorption- process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Function: Carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells • Consist of heart, blood vessel, and blood • The system is a disease fighter because it sends cells to attack diseasecausing microorganism • Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets • Lymphatic system is a network of veins that returns fluid back to the bloodstream

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Function: Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. It also removes water and carbon dioxide from the body • Respiration is the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells • You breathe about 20, 0000 breaths on an average daily • Our larynx (voice box) and our two vocal cord helps us to speak

EXCRETORY / URINARY SYSTEM

Function: Collects waste produced by cells and remove the waste from the body • The removal process is called excretion • Consist of Kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra, lungs, skin, and liver • Nephrons are tiny structures that remove waste from blood and produce urine

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Function: Cells of the immune system work together to combat infection • Infectious diseases are caused by pathogen (Organism that cause disease) -bacteria -fungi -viruses -protist • Disease are spread person-to-person, animal bites, or by pathogen naturally in the environment • Our skin, breathing passages, mouth, and stomach are barriers that keep pathogens out • White blood cells, T-cells, and B-cell helps our body to combat diseases in our body

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Function: Receives information about what is happening inside and outside your body. Also, it directed the way in which your body respond to this information. Help to you to move, think, and taste • Stimulus-a change in an organism’s environment that make it react • Response-what your body does in reaction to the stimulus • Nervous system maintain homeostasis by directing the body to respond appropriately to the information it receives. • 3 Kinds of neuron -sensory-picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts each stimuli into a nerve impulse -interneuron-neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another -motor-sends an impulse to the muscle, and the muscle contract in response

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Function: Controls many of the body’s daily activities as well as long term changes such as development • Hormones-a chemical product of a endocrine gland that speeds up or slows down the activity of an organ or tissue • Hypothalamus – A tiny part of the brain that links the nervous system and endocrine system • Pituitary gland-communicates with the hypothalamus to control many body activities

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Function: Male-to produce sperm and the hormone testosterone, Female-to produce eggs, and if egg is fertilized nourish a developing baby until birth • When a egg becomes fertilized by sperm it called an zygote, then develop into an embryo, than into a fetus • Birth of a baby takes places in three stages: labor, delivery, after birth • Puberty is a period of sexual development in which the body becomes able to reproduce