The Home Front World War II 1939 1945
- Slides: 68
The Home Front World War II (1939 -1945) Chapter 27, Section 4
Essential Questions: • Is majority rule the means in which to govern?
The War Production Board (WPB) • Board Created by the U. S. to Make All War Materials Necessary for World War II! • Organized the Building of Planes, Tanks, Weapons, Parachutes, Guns, Etc… • The WPB Created 60% of Allied Weapons! • Built Over 300, 000 Planes & Over 75, 000 Ships
Production Propaganda
WWII Ended the Great Depression! • With All of the Factories in Need of Workers, Jobs Were Easy to Find! • Unemployment Rate Dropped! • The United States’ GNP (Gross National Product) Increased From $90. 5 Billion to $212 Billion • GNP is the TOTAL Amount of All Goods & Services Produced by a Country in 1 Year!
Rationing • During WWII, Most Items in the U. S. Became Scarce! (Materials Were Needed for the War!) • Factories that Made Consumer Goods Now Made War Goods! • To Make Sure Americans Had Supplies Too, The Government Came Up with a Rationing System!
Rationing Propaganda
Rationed Items: • Items That Were Hard to Come by During World War II: – Gasoline – Tires – Shoes – Meat – Sugar – Cars
How Did U. S. Pay For WWII? • The U. S. Government Raised Taxes ($$$) on Citizens (What Amendment Allows the Government to Tax the People? ) • Sold War Bonds! • Loans by the Citizens to the Government!
Women in the Work Force • Men from 18 -38 Were Drafted • Women Were Needed to Work in the Factories • 1940 – 14 Million Women Worked (25% of the Work Force) • 1945 – 19 Million Women Worked (30% of the Work Force)
Rosie the Riveter
Rosie the Riveter
Job Opportunities For African Americans • Over 1 Million African Americans Got Jobs During WWII in Defense Industries • Very Similar to the “Great Migration” During WWI (More than 1 Million African Americans Moved North & to the West Coast to Work in Factories) • Racial Tensions Increased (Competition Over Jobs & Housing!)
A. Philip Randolph • African American Labor(Union) Leader • Most Factory Owners in Defense Industries Would Not Hire African Americans • Threatened a Labor Strike During WWII • Why Can’t You Have a Strike During a War?
Executive Order 8802 • In Order to Avoid a Strike, FDR Issued Executive Order 8802 • The Order Outlawed Job Discrimination in Defense Industries Working for the Federal Government • Why Didn’t FDR Ask Congress to Just Outlaw Job Discrimination? • How Was FDR Able to Outlaw Discrimination in the ARMED FORCES?
Mexican Immigration During WWII • During WWII, the U. S. Government Encouraged Mexican Immigration! • During WWII, Shortage of Farm Workers (The Draft) • U. S. Created the Bracero Program • Over 120, 000 Mexicans Were Part of the Bracero Program
Prejudice Bracero’s Faced
Racism Towards Asians Prior to World War II • Chinese Exclusion Act! 1882 • Fear of Asians Taking American Jobs! • Housing Competition! • Congress Limited Most Asians from Immigrating to the U. S. in 1924
Japanese-American Internment • After the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor, Many Americans Became Hostile Towards Japanese & Japanese Americans • Many Americans Feared Japanese & Japanese Americans as Spies! Sabotage! • FDR Ordered ALL Japanese & Japanese Americans on the West Coast Into Internment Camps
Japanese Internment Camps • They Were NOT Concentration Camps! (No Violence Took Place There!) • Over 110, 000 Japanese Americans Were Forced to Sell Their Businesses & Leave Their Jobs • Had to Leave Their Homes & Move into the Camps!
Nisei • Nisei: Japanese Americans • Most Japanese Americans were Loyal, EVEN when Placed in the Internment Camps! • 442 nd & 100 th Infantry Units were Nisei Units that Won Many Medals!
Debate Question: • Was the United States Government “justified, ” (right or wrong) under the “Clear and Present Danger, ” clause, (Schenck vs. the United States) to place Japanese immigrants and Japanese Americans into Internment camps during World War II?
Essential Questions: • Is majority rule the means in which to govern?
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