The HIVAIDS Epidemic 2002 John B Pryor Illinois

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Ways HIV is Transmitted: 1) through unprotected sexual intercourse 2) through sharing needles 3) through exposure to contaminated blood 4) perinatal exposure 5) mother’s milk

Ways you cannot transmit HIV: 1) mosquito bites 2) casual contact 3) toilet seats 4) sharing food

Natural History of HIV/AIDS HIV Infection Positive HIV Test Clinical AIDS 6 Months 9. 8 Years 14. 8 Years 3 -6 Weeks Acute HIV Syndrome May be extended by new drug therapies Death

HIV/AIDS: Recent US Trends Rates of HIV/AIDS seems to be on the rise

HIV/AIDS Global Trends

Global estimates for adults and children end 2002 People New living with HIV/AIDS HIV infections in 2002 Deaths due to HIV/AIDS in 2002 42 million 5 million 3. 1 million

Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS as of end 2002 North America 980 000 Caribbean 440 000 Latin America 1. 5 million Eastern Europe Western & Central Asia Europe East Asia & 1. 2 million 570 000 Pacific North Africa South & Middle 1. 2 million & South-East Asia 550 000 Sub-Saharan 6 million Africa Australia & New 29. 4 Zealand million Total: 42 million 15 000

Estimated number of adults and children newly infected with HIV during 2002 North America 45 000 Caribbean 60 000 Latin America 150 000 Eastern Western Europe & Central Asia East Asia & 30 000 250 000 Pacific North Africa South & Middle 270 000 & South-East Asia 83 000 700 000 Sub. Saharan Australia Africa & New Zealand 3. 5 million Total: 5 million 500

Estimated adult and child deaths from HIV/AIDS during 2002 North America 15 000 Caribbean 42 000 Latin America 60 000 Eastern Western Europe & Europe Central Asia East Asia & 8 000 25 000 Pacific North Africa South & Middle 45 000 & South-East Asia 37 000 440 000 Sub. Saharan Australia Africa & New 2. 4 Zealand million Total: 3. 1 million <100

HIV/AIDS Global Trends in Children

Children (<15 years) estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS as of end 2002 Eastern Europe & Central Asia East Asia & 5 000 16 000 North Africa Pacific South & Middle 4 000 & South-East Asia 40 000 240 000 sub. Saharan Australia Africa & New Zealand 2. 8 Western Europe North America 10 000 Caribbean 20 000 Latin America 45 000 million Total: 3. 2 million < 200

Estimated deaths in children (<15 years) from HIV/AIDS during 2002 North America < 100 Caribbean 7 000 Latin America 5 000 Eastern Western Europe & Europe Central Asia East Asia & < 100 North Africa Pacific South & Middle 2 000 & South-East Asia 6 800 43 000 sub. Saharan Australia Africa & New Zealand 550 000 Total: 610 000 < 100

Estimated number of children (<15 years) newly infected with HIV during 2002 North America < 500 Caribbean 7 000 Latin America 10 000 Eastern Western Europe & Europe Central Asia East Asia & < 500 1 000 Pacific North Africa South & Middle 3 000 & South-East Asia 13 000 60 000 sub. Saharan Australia Africa & New Zealand 720 000 Total: 800 000 < 100

HIV/AIDS Trends in Africa

Spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, 1987 Estimated percentage of adults (15– 49) infected with HIV 16. 0% – 32. 0% 8. 0% – 16. 0% 2. 0% – 8. 0% 0. 5% – 2. 0% 0% – 0. 5% trend data unavailable outside region World Health Organization UNAIDS–Addis–May 1999

Spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, 1997 Estimated percentage of adults (15– 49) infected with HIV 16. 0% – 32. 0% 8. 0% – 16. 0% 2. 0% – 8. 0% 0. 5% – 2. 0% 0% – 0. 5% trend data unavailable outside region World Health Organization UNAIDS–Addis–May 1999

Leading causes of death in Africa, 1999 Rank % of total 1 HIV/AIDS 20. 6 2 Acute lower respiratory infections 10. 3 3 Malaria 9. 1 4 Diarrhoeal diseases 7. 3 5 Perinatal conditions 5. 9 6 Measles 4. 9 7 Tuberculosis 3. 4 8 Cerebrovascular disease 3. 2 9 Ischaemic heart disease 3. 0 10 Maternal conditions 2. 4 Source: The World Health Report 2000, WHO

Changes in life expectancy in selected African countries with high HIV prevalence, 1950 to 2000 Life expectancy at birth, in years 65 60 Botswana Uganda South-Africa 55 Zambia 50 Zimbabwe 45 40 35 1950 -55 1955 -601960 -65 1965 -701970 -751975 -801980 -851985 -901990 -951995 -00 1955 -601960 -651965 -70 Source: United Nations Population Division, 1998

Reduction in production in a household with an AIDS death, Zimbabwe Crops Maize Cotton Vegetables Groundnuts Cattle owned Reduction in output 61% 47% 49% 37% 29% Source: Stover & Bollinger, 1999

HIV/AIDS Trends in

Annual number of newly registered HIV infections, Russia, 1993 to 1999 18, 000 15, 462 Number of HIV infections 16, 000 14, 000 12, 000 10, 000 8, 000 6, 000 4, 399 3, 947 4, 000 2, 000 1, 546 108 158 196 93 94 95 0 96 Year of registration Source: Russian Federal AIDS Centre, Moscow 97 98 99