THE HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM 1900 to

THE HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM 1900 to 2003

1900 - 1908 q q q q Early 1900’s – Electric lights came into use Early 1900’s – Davis Cup (tennis) and the World Series (baseball) were introduced The American Automobile Association was founded in Chicago (AAA) 1903 – The first airplane took flight at Kitty Hawk 1908 – Henry Ford introduced the first Model T 1908 – Passenger ship accomodations were more luxurious and only affordable for the very wealthy 1908 – Ellsworth Statler opened the first hotel chain concept and is known as the father of the modern hotel industry- Conrad later bought the chain

1914 - 1929 q 1914 – The first scheduled airplane flew with passengers q 1914 – World War I advanced aircraft design q 1914 – Car Rental began through National Car Rental q 1914 – Organized airline service developed in Europe

1914 - 1929 q 1920’s – Great improvements in US road systems q 1920’s – Railroads faced competition from automobiles, intercity bus systems, and the trucking industry q 1920’s – A new breed of passenger , the tourist emerged q 1926 – Commercial Airlines started in the US q October 1929 – The Great Depression Began

1930 - 1939 q The Depression bolstered the use of railroads over the bus industry q 1930 -1935 – Almost 85% of all hotels in the US went bankrupt q 1931 – The concept of a zoo using open areas and concealed surroundings to display animals was introduced

1930 - 1939 q 1938 – Marineland opened an outdoor aquaarium in St. Augustine, Florida q Late 1930’s – The first NCAA Basketball tournament ws held q Late 1930’s the Cunard Lines launched the Queen Elizabeth - the largest passenger ship to date q September 3, 1939 World War II began in Europe

1940 - 1949 q World War II brought the invention of the jet engine q Rockets were tested off the North Carolina Coast q The automobile and the jet plane helped the hotel industry to rebound and radically affected the travel industry q 1945 – The first airline ticket was created

1940 - 1949 q 1945 – Rider ship on buses soared – intercity bus travel increased rapidly q 1947 – United Airlines and American Airlines began coast to coast service in the United States q The seeds of mass tourism began with the WWII veterans who had the time and the money to travel q Walter E. Avis opened the first airport rent-a-car q The Cold War caused restrictions to be placed on travel to specified unfriendly countries

1950 – 1959 q 1950’s - The Jet Age began q 1959’s - The television was becoming an influence in American households – it brought the world into living rooms q 1950’s - Tourist-class fares were available for transatlantic flights q 1950’s – The first Transcontinental flight was made from Los Angeles to New York

1950 – 1959 q 1950’s – Hilton became the first coast to coast hotel chain q 1952 – Congress created the National System of Interstate Highways q 1952 – Holiday Inn was launched in Memphis, Tennessee by Kemmons Wilson as the Holiday Inn Hotel Court

1950 – 1959 q 1958 – The passenger ship industry declined because of commnercial jet service non-stop across the Atlantic q 1958 – The Jet Age was the greatest period of expansion for hotel chains and car rental agencies

1960 - 1969 q 1960’s – Mass market cruises became available and shipping companies began converting their passenger liners into tropical cruise ships q 1965 – Holiday Inn installed the hotel industry’s first nationwide computerized reservation system q 1967 – The first Super Bowl was played q 1969 – The landing of the first man on the moon brought space one step closer to becoming a travel destination – because of this Pan Am took over 90, 000 ticket reservations for a shuttle to the moon

1970 - 1979 q 1970 – The use of credit cards was accepted in travel and entertainment arenas q 1970 – Pan American Airlines launched the first Jumbo Jet from New York to London with 352 passengers q 1973 – The Arab oil embargo increased the price of gasoline and oil and forced Americans to look for energy efficient ways to travel

1970 - 1979 q 1976 – The Concord, a supersonic transport was developed q Late 1970’s – The first personal computer reached the consumer market q Late 1970’s – Travel became computerized q Late 1970’s – Alex Hailey’s book Roots was to have an influence on heritage travel

1980 - 1989 q 1980’s – Personal computers were made more user friendly q 1980 – Railroads began to decline q 1980 – 1986 – The world’s cruise fleet doubled

1980 - 1989 q 1983 EPCOT opened in Disney World Florida q 1983 Disney World opened in Tokyo q 1986 The World Tourism Organization’s General Assembly adopted the Tourism Bill of Rights and the Tourist Code

1990 - 1999 q 1990’s – ATM use spread throughout the world q 1990’s – Airlines accepted online bookings and took payment over the internet q 1990’s – Ticket less travel was introduced q 1990’s - Tour groups continued to be popular q 1990 – The American’s with Disabilities Act was passed

1990 - 1999 q 1993 – Web pages were developed and (1985) Netscape was developed as a browser q 1994 - England France were connected by the “Chunnel” q 1994 – Microsoft established an accredited travel agency on the Internet q Late 1990’s – Virtual Reality programs made it possible to see a destination as if one were actually there

2000 - 2003 q 2000 – 95% of all US travel agencies were computerized using a computer reservations system (CRS) q 2000 - Americans used personal cars for more than 80% of their vacation trips q 2000 – There were more than 800 million websites q 2001 – Dennis Tito was the first paid space tourist

2000 - 2003 q September 11, 2001 Attacks by terrorists changed travel and tourism forever q 2002 – The Homeland Security Act of 2002 passed in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks q 2003 – Health related issues disrupted tourism q 2003 – The Concorde (SST) retired from service