THE HIP JOINT Muscles of the Hip Gluteus

THE HIP JOINT

Muscles of the Hip

Gluteus Maximus n O: lower posterior iliac crest and posterior surface of the sacrum n I: gluteal tuberosity (upper, posterior aspect of the femur) & I. T. band n Actions: n Extension of the hip n External rotation of the hip n Lower fibers (below the center of motion) assist adduction

Gluteus Maximus n Produces hip extension beyond 15 degrees; not used extensively during walking n Strongly used during running, hopping, skipping, and jumping n Best isolated with the knee flexed to reduce hip extension from the hamstrings 40 degrees

Gluteus Medius n O: outer surface of the ilium just below the crest n I: greater trochanter n Actions: Abduction of the hip n Anterior fibers: Internal rotation, n Posterior fibers: External rotation. n

Gluteus Minimus n O: outer surface of the ilium beneath the gluteus medius n I: greater trochanter of the femur n Actions n n Abduction of the hip Internal rotation

Gluteus Medius and Minimus n During walking these muscles abduct (or hold up) the free leg, preventing it from sagging. n Both are important in transferring weight from one leg to the other (e. g. running, hopping, skipping, etc. ) n Their effectiveness decreases with age. Stretching Strengthening

Biceps Femoris n Lateral side n Origin: n 1. ) Long head - ischial tuberosity; n 2. ) Short head - lower half of the linea aspera n Insertion: Head of the fibula n Action: n Extension of hip n Flexion of knee n Lateral rotation of the hip (and knee)

Biceps Femoris n One of the hamstring muscles (semitendinosus and semimembranosus) n A two-joint muscle which is a powerful hip extensor unless the knees are flexed n Isolated during leg curls with some external rotation of the hip

Semitendinosus n Medial side; superficial n Origin: Ischial tuberosity n Insertion: Medial surface of proximal end of the tibia n Action: n n n Extension of the hip Flexion of the knee Internal rotation of the hip (and knee)

Semimembranosus n Medial side, deeper than semitendonosus n Origin: Ischial tuberosity n Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia n Action: n n n Extension of the hip Flexion of the knee Internal rotation of the hip (and knee)

Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus n A two-joint muscle n Used in ordinary walking for hip extension n Best exercised with knee flexion (leg curls) n Help to medially stabilize knee

Tensor Fasciae Latae n O: iliac crest n I: iliotibial (I. T. ) band n Actions: n Flexion of the hip n Internal rotation n Abduction of the hip

Tensor Fasciae Latae n Prevents external rotation at the hip is flexed Stretching Strengthening

Tensor Fascia Latae (Anterior View)

Iliopsoas n Origins: n iliac fossa n vertebral bodies of the last thorasic and lumbar vertebrae n I: lesser trochanter of the femur n Actions: n n n Flexion of the hip External rotation Flexion of the trunk

Iliopsoas n Strong hip flexor muscle n Raises legs off the floor n n from the supine position. Pulls anteriorly on the lower lumbar vertebrae May aggravate lower back problems Also used during complete sit-ups and straight leg situps. Stretching this muscle requires hyper-extension of the hip.

Pectineous n O: pubic crest or ramus n I: between the lesser trochanter and the linea aspera n Actions Flexion n Adduction n Internal rotation n

Tensor Fasciae Latae Pectineus

Adductor Brevis n Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis n Insertion: Pectineal line (linea aspera) n Actions: Adduction n External rotation n

Adductor Longus n Below the adductor brevis n O: front of the pubis just below its crest n I: middle third of the linea aspera n Actions: n n Adduction Flexion

Adductor Magnus n Located posterior to the longus n O: edge of the pubic crest and ischial tuberosity n I: linea aspera n Actions: Adduction n External rotation n

Gracilis n O: pubic crest n I: medial condyle of tibia n Actions: n Adduction at the hip n Internal rotation n [Flexion at the knee]

Adductor Muscles n Adductor Brevis n Adductor Longus n Adductor Magnus n Gracilis n Not heavily used in ordinary movements n Horse back riding, the breaststroke kick in swimming

Sartorius n Origin: Anterior-superior spine of the ilium n Insertion: Anterior medial condyle of the tibia (behind the medial condyle) n Action: n n n Flexion of hip External rotation of the hip [Flexion of the knee]

Sartorius n Longest muscle in the body n It is a two-joint muscle; hip flexion and knee flexion n It is weak when both actions take place at the same time.

Rectus Femoris n Two joint muscle; most superficial n Origin: anterior-inferior iliac spine of the ilium n Insertion: top of the patella and patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity n Actions: n Flexion of the hip [Extension of the knee]

Rectus Femoris n A two-joint muscle: hip flexion and knee extension n Powerful knee extension when the hip is extended but weaker when the hip is flexed. n The gluteus maximus and the hamstring muscles will extend the hip making the rectus femoris stronger during knee extension

Hip Rotator Muscles n ANTERIOR n Obturator Externus Anterior

Hip Rotator Muscles n POSTERIOR n Piriformis n Gemellus superior n Obturator internus Gemellus inferior n Quadratus femoris Posterior

Hip Rotator Muscles Posterior

Hip Rotator Muscles Posterior Anterior

Six Hip Rotator Muscles n Common action is External Rotation n Powerful external rotation of the hip is required to throw a baseball, swing a bat or golf club. n The sciatic nerve passes just inferior to the piriformis therefore a tight piriformis muscle my contribute to compression on the sciatic nerve.

Review

3. The Femur 1= 2= 3= 4= 5= 6= 7= Head Neck Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Linea Aspera Medial condyle Lateral condyle 1. 2. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Anterior 1. 1 = iliac crest 2 = anterior spine 3 = greater trochanter 2. 4 = lesser trochanter 3. 5 = ischial tuberosity 6 = pubis crest 4. 5. 6.

Name the sections of the pelvis 1. 2. 3. Ilium Pubis Ischium

Posterior 1= 2= 3= 4= 5= iliac crest greater trochanter ischial tuberosity lesser trochanter linea aspera 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Name the muscle n Actions: extension of the thigh at the hip lateral rotation of the thigh lower fibers (below the center of motion) assist adduction upper fibers (above the center of motion) assist in abduction Gluteus Maximus

Name the muscle n Actions n adduction of the thigh at the hip n aids in flexion Adductor Brevis

Name the muscle n Actions n abduction of the thigh n medial rotation n flexion Gluteus Minimus

Name the muscle n Actions: n adduction of the thigh n assists in flexion of the thigh at the hip Adductor Longus

Name the muscle n Actions: n abduction of the thigh n anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation, n posterior fibers: extension and lateral rotation. Gluetus Medius

Name the muscle n Actions: n adduction at the hip n medial rotation n [flexion at the knee] Gracilis

Name the muscle n Actions: n flexion of the thigh at the hip n slight adduction n flexion of the spine Iliopsoas

Name the muscle n Actions n flexion of the hip n adduction Pectineus

Name the muscle n Actions: n flexion of the thigh at the hip n medial rotation n abduction of the thigh, medial rotation (weak) Tensor Fasciae Latae

Name the muscle n Actions: n adduction of the thigh at the hip n flexion (anterior fibers) n extension (posterior fibers) Adductor Magnus

n What is the most anterior hip rotator muscle? n Obturator Externus

Name the action at her hip Abduction

Name the action at his hip Flexion

Name the action at her hip Extension, Abduction & External Rotation

Name the action at her (? ) hip External Rotation

Name the actions at his hip Flexion

Name the actions at his hip Extension and External Rotation and Abduction

Name the actions at his hip Flexion and Adduction

Fill in the blanks n Piriformis n Gemellus superior n Obturator internus n Gemellus inferior n Quadratus femoris

Name the muscle n Deep muscle n Action: n Extension of the hip n Flexion of the knee n Internal rotation of the hip (and knee) Semimembranosus

Name the muscle n Superficial muscle n Action: n Extension of the hip n Flexion of the knee n Internal rotation of the hip (and knee) Semitendonosis

Name the muscle n Action: Sartorius n Flexion of hip n External rotation of the hip n [Flexion of the knee]

Name the muscle n Actions: n Flexion of the hip n [Extension of the knee] Rectus Femoris

Name the muscle n Action: n Extension of hip n Flexion of knee n Lateral rotation of the hip (and knee) Biceps Femoris

Name the muscle Gluteus Medius

Name the muscles Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis

Name the landmarks Iliac crest Anterior spine

Name the landmarks 1. 2. 3. Acetabulu m Sciatic notch Ischial tuberosity 1 2 3

Name the muscles 1. Tensor fasciae latae 2. Sartorius 1 2

2. Name the landmark Iliac Crest 1. Name the muscle Gluteus Maximus 3. Name the structure Iliotibial band