The Hierarchy of Structure in Animals Levels of

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The Hierarchy of Structure in Animals

The Hierarchy of Structure in Animals

Levels of Organization (Least to Most Complex ) Cells Tissue Organ System

Levels of Organization (Least to Most Complex ) Cells Tissue Organ System

Tissues § a collection of similar cells that perform a particular, but limited, function

Tissues § a collection of similar cells that perform a particular, but limited, function Animals have four major types: 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nerve

Epithelial Tissue A thin sheet of tightly packed cells that covers body surfaces and

Epithelial Tissue A thin sheet of tightly packed cells that covers body surfaces and lines internal organs and body cavities n i. e. skin n

Connective Tissue A specialized tissue that provides support and protection for various parts of

Connective Tissue A specialized tissue that provides support and protection for various parts of the body n i. e. bone, tendons, blood n

Muscle Tissue n A group of specialized tissues containing proteins that can contract and

Muscle Tissue n A group of specialized tissues containing proteins that can contract and enable the body to move.

Nerve Tissue n Specialized tissue that conducts electrical signals from one part of the

Nerve Tissue n Specialized tissue that conducts electrical signals from one part of the body to another.

Organ n a structure composed of different tissues working together to perform a complex

Organ n a structure composed of different tissues working together to perform a complex body function. n Examples: heart, kidney, lungs, pancreas

Organ System n a system of one or more organs and structures that work

Organ System n a system of one or more organs and structures that work together to perform a major vital body function such as digestion or reproduction.

Homework Read section 3. 1 n Do Questions 2 -6 page 76 n

Homework Read section 3. 1 n Do Questions 2 -6 page 76 n

2 a. The brain is an organ that is part of only one organ

2 a. The brain is an organ that is part of only one organ system-the nervous system. b. The lungs play a role in more than one organ system-the respiratory system and circulatory system

3. An organ system is made up of many organs that work together. Each

3. An organ system is made up of many organs that work together. Each organ is made up of a complex arrangement of tissues, which are made up of highly specialized cells. An organ system is more complex than a highly specialized cell.

4. n n n The main functions all living things must perform are: get

4. n n n The main functions all living things must perform are: get rid of wastes (urinary and digestive systems) respond to the environment (nervous and musculoskeletal system) transport materials within the organism (circulatory system) obtain materials from outside (digestive and respiratory systems) reproduce (reproductive system).

5. The well-known organ systems of most animals are very efficient, so different animals

5. The well-known organ systems of most animals are very efficient, so different animals tend to have the same systems that are modified for their own needs. 6. Single-celled organisms only have one cell, so cells cannot specialize for different tasks.