The Gulf War 1990 1991 Iraq invaded Kuwait

The Gulf War (1990 -1991): Iraq invaded Kuwait A destroyed Iraqi tank

The Topography of Iraq

Ethnic Groups in Iraq

A Young Saddam Hussein (1937 - 2006) «Born in Tikrit. «Peasant family with influential army relatives. «Tribal society. «Joined Baath Party at 20. Saddam’s identity card when he was 10 years old. «Aided in failed assassination of Qasim in 1959.

Saddam’s Early Political Career « After 1963 coup, he was put in charge of the security service for the Baath party. « 1979 he became president of Iraq when al-Bakr was persuaded to step down. Saddam at 17.

A Cult of Personality

A Cult of Personality 1989 Victory Arch

Saddam’s Republican Guard The elite presidential security force.

Oil Fields in Iraq

Gassing the Kurds

Ali Hasa al-Majid (“Chemical Ali”) I will kill them [the Kurds] all with chemical weapons!

A Reign of Terror: Mass Graves of Saddam’s Victims

“Iraq’s 19 th province? ” Kuwait

Iraq Invades Kuwait August 2, 1990 UN Security Council Resolution 678 (authorized military force to be used against Iraq. )

Pres. of Iraq: Saddam Hussien promised “the mother of all battles”

U. S. Military Leaders General Colin Powell General Norman Schwarzkopf

U. S. Female Soldiers Everywhere is a combat zone!

Range of Iraqi Missiles

An Iraqi tank bites the dust Survivors attacked Kurds in the north.

Saddam Lobs SCUD Missiles Israel & Saudi Arabia: The fear of bio-chemical attacks.

President George H. W. Bush with General Schwartzkopf

Kuwait is Liberated

Allies Send Iraqis Back to Baghdad Iraqis soldiers surrender. Kuwaitis cheer Allied forces.

“Highway of Death”

400 Kuwaiti Oilfields on Fire An environmental disaster!

U. N. No-Fly Zones 1990’s

1990 s: Iraqi Targets

Kurds have also been victims of ethnic violence very recently.

Reasons for Going to War Against Saddam (according to the U. S. and Britain) « Saddam kicked out U. N. weapons inspectors. « WMDs Weapons of Mass Destruction. « Saddam did not obey the No-Fly Zone limitations. « He was a savage dictator. « Stop Saddam before he can launch nuclear missiles against Israel, Europe, or even the United States.

“Shock & Awe!” Coalition forces attack Baghdad

Allied Advance on Baghdad

Anti-War Protestors

Mohammed Saeed al-Sahaf Saddam’s Minister of Information (better known as “Baghdad Bob”)

“Baghdad Bob”

The Dictator is “Toppled”

“Mission Accomplished? ” President George W. Bush lands on board the USS Abraham Lincoln (May, 2003)

Saddam Is Captured! December, 2003

The American Soldier: 2003

4486 American Fatalities Iraq Coalition Military Fatalities By Year US UK Other Total 2003 486 53 41 580 2004 849 22 35 906 2005 846 23 28 897 2006 822 29 21 872 2007 904 47 10 961 2008 314 4 4 322 2009 149 1 0 150 2010 60 0 0 60 2011 16 0 0 16 Total 4446 179 139 4764

Thousands of Americans Wounded

Capt. Dawn Halfaker One of many female soldiers killed or wounded in Iraq.

Over 100, 000 Iraqis Dead!

? Iraqis Wounded!

A Growing Insurgency Former Baathists and foreign terrorists (Al-Qaida, etc. )

Iraqi Government A Democracy in Training Prime Minister Nouri al. Maliki

The Scandal at Abu Ghraib Prison

1/30/05 – The Vote! = Democracy? ? Courage at the Polls!!

American fatalities 4486 Wounded 100, 000 + Iraqi deaths 1. 5 million $803 Billion

Continuing Ethnic Conflict Will there be a Kurdistan? • Repressed under Ataturk & Sadaam • Will they get their independence • Ethnic violence continues

- Will Shia Iraqis get independence? - Control Iraq? - Will Iran get control?

U. S. SPENDING ON IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN BY MONTH, WEEK, DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, & SECOND (based on adjusted DOD FY 2007 obligations) Iraq Afghanistan Total Per Month $10. 3 billion $2 billion $12. 3 billion Per Week $2. 4 billion $469 million $2. 9 billion Per Day $343 million $67 million $410 million Per Hour $14 million $2. 8 million $17 million Per Minute $238, 425 $46, 296 $284, 722 Per Second $3, 973 $771 $4, 745 SOURCE: Data from Amy Belasco, “The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11, ” Congressional Research Service (updated February 8, 2008). Totals may not add due to rounding.