THE GREEK ALPHABET GREEK ACCENT MARKS Accent acute

THE GREEK ALPHABET τὰ στοιχεία

GREEK ACCENT MARKS � Accent acute marks: grave � Originally ά ὰ ᾶ circumflex corresponded to tones in early classical Greek � Treat all three as stress markers � Not required for spelling � In later chapters, certain words will require attention to accents, especially the circumflex

GREEK BREATHING MARKS � Required on every vowel (α ε ι ο υ η ω) that starts a word � every vowel combination (e. g. , αι, ει, ου, αυ) that starts a word � εvery ρ that starts a word � � Rough breathing: �ἁ = ha �αἱ = hai ἑ = he ἱ = hi οἱ = hοi εἱ = hei �ῥ = rh � Smooth breathing: �ἀ = a ἐ=e ἰ=i �αἰ = ai οἰ = οi εἰ = ei

GREEK BREATHING MARKS � Required part of the spelling � Sometimes affects the meaning ἡ = “the” ἤ = “or” αὐτή = “she” αὕτη = “this”

GREEK PUNCTUATION Greek �πούδλη; �πούδλη, �ἀπ’ English poodle? poodle; / poodle: poodle, apostrophe (for contraction)

Divfqogg~ � Diphthongs are vowel combinations αι αυ ει ευ οι ου υι ηυ � “Ιmproper” diphthongs have a (silent) iota subscript ῳ � The ᾳ ῃ iota subscript often helps identify the function of a word