The GrecoPersian Wars Early Persia n Persia civilization

The Greco-Persian Wars

Early Persia n Persia: civilization SW of what is today Iran n Early Persians were warriors and nomads n Cyrus the Great united Persians into a powerful kingdom: An empire larger than any yet seen in the world

Persia’s Empire n n n 539 BC Cyrus’s Persian armies capture Babylon in Mesopotamia Then: Asia Minor Syria Canaan Phoenician cities Cyrus treats the subjects well.

Reminder Timeline of Mesopotamia: Sumer Ca 3, 000 BC Sargon & Akkadians Ca 2, 340 BC Hammurabi & Babylonians Assyrians Ca 1, 800 BC Ca 900 BC Nebuchadnezzar & Chaldeans Persians from NE capture Ca 605 539 BC

Persia’s Empire n n Cyrus’s merciful rule helped keep the growing empire together. They then continued to conquer: Egypt Western India Thrace (region NE of Greece) They built roads, including the Royal Road from Asia Minor to Susa (the capital of Persia). n The empire was then about the size of USA today

Reasons for the Persian Wars n n Greek colonization clashed with Persians By 500’s BC Persia controlled Greek cities in Asia Minor 499 BC Greeks rebelled with Athenian army support, but were defeated King Darius now decided Greeks must be stopped from interfering with the Persian Empire

The Battle of Marathon n 490 BC Persian fleet of 20, 000 soldiers landed on plain of Marathon (close to Athens) n 10, 000 Athenian waited on hills Persians waited, but grew impatient (began to board ships to sail to Athens) Athenians defeated the Persians easily n n n Pheidippides; “Victory!”

Another Persian Strike n 486 BC Darius son Xerxes became emperor after Darius died: Revenge against Athenians n 480 BC launched invasion with 180, 000 troops and thousands of warships and supply vessels n Greeks joined forces Athenian general, Themistocles plan n n To have time to ready Greek fleet: 7, 000 Greek soldiers hold of Persians at Thermopylae (Hot Gates); a narrow mountain pass

Another Persian Strike Spartans especially brave incl. Leonidas (Tale of the 300) n Gave enough time to allow Athens to assemble 200 ships n Greeks attacked Persian ships at straits of Salamis & defeated the Persian fleet Persian army still marched on: Athens n Persians burned the city n Now: Greeks more determined than ever…. n

The End of the Persian Empire n n n 479 BC Greeks came together Greeks crushed Persian army at Plataea (NW of Athens) Persians retreated to Asia Minor Persia: lose strength, internal problems incl. new rulers raising taxes to pay for luxuries, as well as royal families fighting, plots to kill kings/emperors 334 BC Alexander the Great invaded 330 BC last Persian emperor died and Alexander the Great ruled