The Great Patriotic War Part II n n

The Great Patriotic War, Part II

n n n July 1942: Massive German offensive in southern Russia The city of Stalingrad is besieged The focal point of the entire war August 23: Massive German bombing destroys 80% of the city’s residential buildings Fighting in the city: average life expectancy of the Soviet soldier – 24 hours

n n Stalingrad: the battle that decided the outcome of World War II: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Bik. V_ 37 Lv 0 U

Stalingrad before the war

Stalingrad, September 1942

Women volunteers signing Oath of Allegiance

Red Army infantry counterattack at Stalingrad

Stalingrad worker militia

“The Pavlov House”: 24 Soviet soldiers defended this block of flats in downtown Stalingrad for 2 months, surrounded by the Germans

Sergeant Yakov Pavlov

Soviet “Katyusha” rocket attack

Stalingrad: street fighting

n The architects of victory at Stalingrad

General Georgiy Zhukov

General Aleksandr Vasilevsky

General Konstantin Rokossovsky

General Ivan Konev

1943: German troops surrender at Stalingrad

Stalingrad: surrender of German Field Marshal von Paulus

n n The Battle of Stalingrad claimed over two million casualties, more than any other battle in human history, and was also one of the longest: it raged for 199 days. Killed, wounded or captured at Stalingrad: u Soviets: 1, 290, 000 u Germans and allies: 850, 000

n n July 1943: The Battle of Kursk: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=aw. Rh. Sozctvs

German POWs in Russia

German POWs outside Moscow

The Big Three: Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin at Yalta, Feb. 1945

The Big Three: Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin at Yalta, Feb. 1945

n n n Major decisions of the Yalta Conference 1. Unconditional surrender of Germany 2. Division of Germany into 4 occupied zones 3. Demilitarization and denazification of Germany 4. Germany’s reparations, including by forced labour of its soldiers 5. A new government in Poland, including non-Communists 6. Changes of Poland’s borders 7. Return of citizens to USSR and Yugoslavia 8. Soviet Union will participate in the creation of the UNO 9. Stalin agreed to attack Japan within 90 days of Germany’s surrender. 10. Nazi war criminals were to be hunted down and brought to justice. 11. A "Committee on Dismemberment of Germany" was to be set up.

n n n US and British aid to the Soviet ally, 1941 -45: u Food - $1. 5 bln. in contemporary prices u Automobiles – 427, 000 u Warplanes – 22, 000 u Tanks – 13, 000 u Warships – over 500 u Explosives – 350, 000 tons u Other supplies Total estimated cost of Allied aid to USSR in contemporary prices – $100 bln.

n n The Battle of Berlin: April-May 1945 http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 Iwm. Y Adg. U 18&feature=related

Red flag over Berlin, May 1945

Berlin, 1945: after the capture of Hitler’s headquarters

Checking out Hitler’s headquarters, May 1945

Berlin, 1945: surrender of German High Command

Ovens in Buchenwald concentration camp

Survivors of a Nazi concentration camp

n n Berlin in ruins http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= OLMAEh. Vq 2 ok&feature=related

June 24, 1945: Marshal Zhukov leads Victory Parade in Red Square

n n Victory Parade in Moscow’s Red Square, June 24, 1945: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=QDQ 2 g. Qtt. PBs&NR=1

July 1945: Stalin, Truman and Churchill at Potsdam, Germany

Marshal Zhukov and General Eisenhower

August 1945: Defeat of Japanese forces in Manchuria

Soviet losses in World War II n Over 27 mln. killed (13. 6% of the population) n Of those who survived, 29 mln. took part in the fighting (including 0. 8 mln. women) n Battlefield losses – 9 -11 mln. (Germany lost 3. 25 mln. ) n 5. 8 mln. POWs (of them 3 mln. died in concentration camps) n 1710 cities and 70, 000 villages completely or partially destroyed n 40, 000 hospitals, 84, 000 schools, 43, 000 libraries destroyed n Historically unprecedented level of damage suffered by a country

The war took all nine of her sons

Nazi war criminals on trial at Nuremberg, November 1945