The Global Distribution of Industry A Bulkgaining Industries
The Global Distribution of Industry
A. Bulk-gaining Industries • Product gains volume or weight during production i. e. : soft-drink bottling, T. V. s, Automobiles
Location of Beer Breweries Beer brewing is a bulk-gaining industry that needs to be located near consumers.
B. Break-of-Bulk Points break-of-bulk point: location where transfer among different transportation types is possible i. e. : ship to truck
C. Global Industrial Regions 1. Western & Central Europe 2. Anglo America 3. Russia & Ukraine 4. East Asia
I. Europe • coincides with coal & iron fields of: Germany (Rhine-Ruhr Valley), France, Be-Ne-Lux 1900: Europe controlled 90% of world’s manufacturing
Manufacturing Centers in Western Europe
Rhine—Ruhr Valley – Concentration of iron & steel manufacturing – Secondary activities: trains, machinery, & armaments – Industry is highly dispersed – No city has more than 1 million – city of Rotterdam: world’s largest port
United Kingdom - The U. K. has lost its international industrial leadership after World Wars - Deteriorating factories Today: high-tech industries in south - Japanese companies have more factories in U. K. than any other
Northern Italy - Po River Basin - textile manufacturing in 1800 s Today: luxury cars, yachts, fashion
Secondary manufacturing regions in Europe
Deindustrialization: a process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor (switch from secondary manufacturing activities to a tertiary service economy) Abandoned street in Liverpool, England, where the population has decreased by onethird since deindustrialization
II. Anglo America N. E. of U. S. & S. E. of Canada: manufacturing - “Megalopolis” (“Bowash” stretch of cities) - known today as “Rust Belt” *Today: U. S. manufacturing less than 15% of economy
Secondary regions in U. S. : S. E. of U. S. : textiles, tobacco, food processing Gulf states: oil & natural gas N. W. of U. S. : aircraft Silicon Valley: computer/high-tech
III. E. Europe & Russia - Manufacturing developed during WW II - communist U. S. S. R. pushed for industrialization
Emergence of secondary manufacturing regions in former Soviet Union
IV. East Asia Japan: 2 nd most industrialized country after U. S.
Newly Industrialized countries: Brazil, Mexico, India & China: major state-planned growth after 1950 Focus on: N. E. district Northern district (Beijing) Chang district (Shanghai) Guangdong district Today: companies move production to take advantage of cheaper Chinese labor & special economic zones (SEZs), also known as export processing zones (EPZs)
Chinese secondary manufacturing regions
As China’s economy continues to grow, old neighborhoods (right) are destroyed to make room for new buildings (below) Beijing, China
An emerging industrial power: India: textiles, food processing, chemicals, software
The Four “Asian Tigers” All industrialized economies: • South Korea • Taiwan • Hong Kong • Singapore
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