The GHS The Globally Harmonized System for Hazard

The GHS The Globally Harmonized System for Hazard Classification and Labelling of Chemicals Basic Course

Outline 1. Concept of the GHS 2. Hazard Classification 2. 1 Physical Hazard Classification 2. 2 Health and Environmental Hazard Classification 3. Labels and SDS 4. Situation of Chemical Management in Thailand 2

3. Labels and SDS 3. 1 Labels 3. 2 SDS 3

What is harmonised? n Labels n Safety Data Sheets 4

Target Groups & Sectors workplace including pesticides and pharmaceuticals – labels and safety data sheets n consumers – labels n transport – labels, placards, transport documents n emergency responders n 5

Labels § The Essential Elements -Symbols, Pictograms and colour -Signal words -Hazard statements -Precautionary information -Product identifiers/declaration of ingredients -Precedence of hazard 6

Symbols in the GHS Standard symbol set used in the UN RTDG model regulations n Fish and tree symbol for environmental hazard n Exclamation mark for “low level” health hazard n Human with crack in a body for chronic health hazard n 7

UNTDG Pictogram 8

GHS Symbols Flame (Flammable/ Self-reactive/ etc. ) Flame over circle (Oxidizing/ Organic peroxide) Gas cylinder (Compressed gases) Skull & crossbones (Acute toxicity) Exclamation Mark (Acute: lower level) Exploding bomb (Explosives/ Self-reactive/ etc. ) Corrosion Human (Chronic: higher lev) Environment (Aquatic toxicity) 9

Pictogram Shape & Colour Recommendation from ILO Group is that all pictograms should be in shape of a square set at a point (diamond) n For transport, pictograms will use the background and symbol colour specified in the UNRTDG Model regulations n For supply, pictograms will have a black symbol on a white background with a red frame n 10

GHS Pictogram Explosives Self-reactive subst. Organic peroxide Flammable substance Self-reactive substance Pyrophoric and selfheating substance Compressed gas Skin corr. Eye corr. Corrosive to metal Sensitization (Respiratory) Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity Reproductive toxicity Target organ toxicity Acute toxicity Skin irrit. Eye irrit. Sensitization (Dermal) Environmental toxicity Acute toxicity Oxidizing substance Organic peroxides 11

Some points on GHS Pictograms UNRTDG will cover the transport area as they have been. n Competent authority may choose to give suppliers and employers discretion to use a black border for domestic use. n Competent authority may allow the use of UNRTDG pictograms in other use settings n 12

Signal Word “Danger” or “Warning” n Used to emphasis hazard and to discriminate between hazard categories (level of hazard) n e. g. Acute toxicity category 1 will require “Danger”, category 4 will require“Warning” n 13

Hazard Statements n A single harmonised hazard statement for each hazard category within each hazard class e. g. Flammable liquid - Category 1 “ Extremely flammable liquid and vapour ” - Category 2 “Highly flammable liquid and vapour” - Category 3 “ Flammable liquid and vapour” - Category 4 “Combustible liquid” 14

Hazard Statements (cont. ) e. g. Oral Acute Toxicity – category 1 “ Fatal if swallowed “ – Category 2 “Fatal if swallowed ” – Category 3 “ Toxic if swallowed” – Category 4 “Harmful if swallowed” – Category 5 “Maybe harmful if swallowed” 15

Precautionary Statements n n GHS label should include appropriate precautionary information The intent is to harmonise precautionary statements in the future 16

Examples of Precautionary Pictograms From European Union (COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/58/EEC of 24 June 1992) 17

Product Identifier Name or number used for a hazardous product on a label or in the SDS. n Unique means by which the substance or mixture can be identified within the particular use setting n UN proper shipping name also to be used on the package when substance or mixture covered by the UN RTDG n 18

Precedence of hazard > DANGER > Skin/Eye irritation > > Skin/Eye irritation WARNING 19

Declaration of Ingredients n n n Substances – chemical identity (name as determined by IUPAC, ISO, CAS or technical name) Mixtures – chemical identities of all ingredients contributing to acute toxicity, skin or eye corrosion, germ cell mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, skin or respiratory sensitisation or TOST Competent authority rules for CBI take priority 20

Confidential Business Information n n Competent authorities should establish appropriate mechanisms for CBI protection. CBI will not be harmonized under the GHS. The provisions for CBI protection should not compromise the health and safety of users. CBI claims should be limited to the names of chemicals and their concentrations in mixtures. Mechanisms should be established for disclosure in emergency and non-emergency situations. 21

Other (Non-GHS) Information Supplemental information n Competent authority may choose to specify where information should appear on the label or allow supplier discretion n Must not impede identification of GHS information n 22

Allocation of Label Elements Example : Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 No Symbol Danger Warning Fatal if swallowed Toxic if swallowed Harmful if Swallowed May be harmful if swallowed 23

Allocation of Label Elements (cont. ) Example : Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 1 A Category 1 B Category 1 C Category 2 Category 3 No Symbol Warning Danger Warning Causes skin Causes mild severe skin irritation skin burns and irritation eye damage 24

Building Block Approach (1) Example : Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 No Symbol Danger Warning Fatal if swallowed Toxic if swallowed Harmful if Swallowed May be harmful if swallowed Not required under the TDG/MR 25

Building Block Approach (2) Example : Explosives Unstable/ Division 1. 1 Division 1. 2 Danger Explosive; ; mass severe explosion projection hazard Division 1. 3 Division 1. 4 Division 1. 5 Division 1. 6 1. 4 * 1. 5 * 1. 6 * Danger Warning Explosive; Fire or fire, blast projection hazard or projection hazard Warning May explode in fire 26

Example of label component EPICHLOROHYDRIN Epichlohydrin 1 -Chloro-2, 3 -epoxypropane CAS No. 106 -89 -8 UN No. 2023 Product identifier Pictogram ＤＡＮＧＥＲ Hazard statements: ・Toxic if swallowed ・Toxic in contact with skin ・Fatal if inhaled ・May cause an allergic skin reaction. ・May cause genetic defects. ・May cause cancer ・Cause severe skin burns and eye damage ・Cause serious eye irritation ・Toxic to aquatic life Precautionary statements: ・Keep out of reach of children. ・Keep container tightly closed. ・Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. ・Wear eye/face protection. ・Wear protective gloves/clothing. ・Wear respiratory protection, as specified by the manufacturer. ・Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. ・Use appropriate ventilation. ・Wash thoroughly after handling. United Nations Co. , Ltd. 1 -1, Peace Ave. , Geneva Switzerland Tel. 41 22 917 00 00 Fax. 41 22 917 00 00 Signal word Hazard statements Precautionary statements Supplier identification 27

Safety Data Sheet n Primarily workplace use n 16 heading format agreed n Minimum additional information specified, where applicable or available, under the relevant headings 28

Criteria for SDS production For all substances and mixtures which meet the harmonized criteria for physical, health or environmental hazards under the GHS 29

Cut off values/Concentration limits for health and environmental hazard class Hazard class Cut-off value /Concentration limit Acute Toxicity ≥ 1. 0 Skin Corrosion/Irritation ≥ 1. 0 Serious damage to eyes/eye irritation ≥ 1. 0 Respiratory/Skin sensitization ≥ 1. 0 Mutagenicity: Category 1 ≥ 0. 1 Mutagenicity: Category 2 ≥ 1. 0 Carcinogenicity ≥ 0. 1 Reproductive Toxicity ≥ 0. 1 Target Organ Systemic Toxicity (Single Exp. ) ≥ 1. 0 Target Organ Systemic Toxicity (Repeat Exp. ) ≥ 1. 0 Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment ≥ 1. 0 30

SDS 16 Headings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Identification. Hazard(s) identification. Composition/information on ingredients. First-aid measures. Fire-fighting measures. Accidental release measures. Handling and storage. Exposure controls/personal protection. 31

SDS 16 Headings (cont. ) 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Physical and chemical properties. Stability and reactivity. Toxicological information. Ecological information. Disposal considerations. Transport information. Regulatory information. Other information. 32

Minimum information for an SDS ingredients (1) 1 Identification of the ・GHS product identifier. substance or mixture ・Other means of identification. and of the supplier ・Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use. ・Supplier’s details (including name, address, phone number etc). 2 Hazards identification ・Emergency phone number. ・GHS classification of the substance/mixture and any national or regional information. ・GHS label elements, including precautionary statements. Other hazards which do not result in classification or are not covered by the GHS. 33

Minimum information for an SDS ingredients (2) 3 Composition/information on ingredients Substance ・Chemical identity. ・Common name, synonyms, etc. ・CAS number, other unique number, etc. ・Impurities and stabilizing additives which are themselves classified and which contribute to the classification of the substance. Mixture The chemical identity and concentration or concentration ranges of all ingredients which are hazardous within the meaning of the GHS and are present above their cut-off levels. n 34

Minimum information for an SDS ingredients (3) 4 First aid measures 5 Fire-fighting measures ・Description of necessary measures, subdivided according to the different routes of exposure, i. e. inhalation, skin and eye contact and ingestion. ・Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed. ・Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary. ・Suitable (and unsuitable) extinguishing media. ・Specific hazards arising from the chemical (e. g. nature of any hazardous combustion products). ・Special protective equipment and precautions for firefighters. 35

Minimum information for an SDS ingredients (4) 6 Accidental release measures ・Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures. ・Environmental precautions. ・Methods and materials for 7 Handling and storage containment and cleaning up ・Precautions for safe handling. ・Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities. 8 Exposure controls/personal ・Control parameters e. g. occupational exposure limit values or biological limit values. protection. ・Appropriate engineering controls. ・Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment. 36

Minimum information for an SDS ingredients (5) 9 Physical and chemical properties ・Appearance (physical state, colour). ・Viscosity ・Odour threshold. ・PH. ・Melting point/freezing point. ・Initial boiling point and boiling range. ・Flash point. ・Evaporation rate. ・Flammability (solid, gas). ・Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits. ・Vapour pressure. ・Vapour density. ・Relative density. ・Solubility(ies). ・Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water. ・Auto-ignition temperature. ・Decomposition temperature. 37

Characteristics of the 11 chemicals (Physical Data) 38

Physical Data Boiling Point -The temperature at which a liquid turns to a vapour 39

Freezing Point - Temperature at which the liquid form of a chemical will turn into the solid form Melting Point - Temperature at which the solid form of a chemical will turn into the liquid form Vapour pressure - The higher the vapour pressure, the more rapidly the material will change from liquid form to o vapour when released to the environment. 40

Vapour pressure The amount of released harmful vapors in based on the chemical’s vapor pressure. The greater the vapor pressure, the greater the yield of hazardous vapors. Acetone will give off more vapors then gasoline. Sulfuric acid has a low vapor pressure and gives off little vapor. 41

Vapour density - Density of a gas compared to the density of air 42

Specific gravity - density of a chemical compared to the density of water. If the specific gravity is less than one, the chemical will float on water. If the specific gravity is greater than one, the chemical will sink. 43

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Fire and Explosion Data. 45

Health Hazard Information 46

Water solubility of a chemical the quantity of a chemical that will mix with or dissolve in water. Helps to determine many of its toxic effects on living tissues / Chemicals that are very water soluble, lead to cellular injury. 47

Liquid - gas ratios. The volume of gas produced by the vaporization of a given volume of liquid. The volume of gas produced is always greater than the volume of liquid before vaporization. 48

The expansion ratio of a chemical helps to determine the extent of hazard that the chemical poses. Different chemicals have different expansion ratios. Liquified gases and cryogenics have the greatest 49

Minimum information for an SDS ingredients (6) 10 Stability and reactivity ・Chemical stability. ・Possibility of hazardous reactions. ・Conditions to avoid (e. g. static discharge, shock or vibration). ・Incompatible materials. ・Hazardous decomposition products. 11 Toxicological information ・information on the likely routes of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact); ・Symptoms related to the physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics; ・Delayed and immediate effects and also chronic effects from short- and long-term exposure; ・Numerical measures of toxicity (such as acute toxicity estimates). 50

Minimum information for an SDS ingredients (7) 12 Ecological information ・Ecotoxicity (aquatic and terrestrial, where available). ・Persistence and degradability. ・Bioaccumulative potential. ・Mobility in soil. ・Other adverse effects. 13 Disposal considerations ・Description of waste residues and information on their safe handling and methods of disposal, including the disposal of any contaminated packaging. 51

Minimum information for an SDS ingredients (8) 14 Transport information ・UN number. ・UN Proper shipping name. ・Transport Hazard class(es). ・Packing group, if applicable. ・Marine pollutant (Yes/No). ・Special precautions which a user needs to be aware of or needs to comply with in connection with transport or conveyance either within or outside their premises. 52

Minimum information for an SDS ingredients (9) 15 Regulatory information ・Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question. 16 Other information Including information on preparation and revision of the SDS ・References, etc. 53

Label - Examples Transportation and Workplace Plastic drum 54

Label - Examples Transportation and Workplace Paper box 55

Label - Examples Workplace Paper box 56

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