The Geosphere Changes occur on the Earth constantly

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The Geosphere

The Geosphere

Changes occur on the Earth constantly: • Molten rock flows from volcanoes • Hurricanes

Changes occur on the Earth constantly: • Molten rock flows from volcanoes • Hurricanes batter beaches and change coastline • Earthquakes shake the ground

The Earth is a system that consists of air, water, rock and living things

The Earth is a system that consists of air, water, rock and living things All of the ‘parts’ interact with each other

Scientists use special terms to describe the different parts of the Earth • Geosphere

Scientists use special terms to describe the different parts of the Earth • Geosphere – consists of all the rock, soils and sediments on the Earth • Atmosphere – consists of the air that surrounds the Earth • Hydrosphere – consists of all water, fresh or saltwater • Biosphere – all living things on the planet

Most of the geosphere is located in the Earth’s interior The average diameter of

Most of the geosphere is located in the Earth’s interior The average diameter of the Earth is 12, 756 km

Discovering the Earth’s Interior

Discovering the Earth’s Interior

The earth is like an onion Its made of layers

The earth is like an onion Its made of layers

The information we have concerning the interior of the Earth comes to us from

The information we have concerning the interior of the Earth comes to us from studying seismic waves Seismic waves travel through different material at different rates. When seismic waves change direction or speed, it means they have moved through different layers

Scientists divide the Earth into three layers based on composition • Crust – the

Scientists divide the Earth into three layers based on composition • Crust – the thinnest layer of the Earth (5 -20 km thick) made entirely of light elements • Mantle – makes up 64% of the earth’s mass, (2900 km thick) made of rocks of medium density • Core – has a radius of 3400 km and composed of the densest elements

The Earth can also be divided into 5 layers based on physical properties •

The Earth can also be divided into 5 layers based on physical properties • Lithosphere • Asthenosphere • Mesosphere (mantle) • Outer core • Inner core

The lithosphere is the Earth’s outer layer It contains the crust and uppermost part

The lithosphere is the Earth’s outer layer It contains the crust and uppermost part of the mantle and is divided into moving sections called Tectonic Plates

The asthenosphere is the layer beneath the lithosphere The asthenosphere is the ‘plastic’ solid

The asthenosphere is the layer beneath the lithosphere The asthenosphere is the ‘plastic’ solid layer of the Earth that the plates move on top of

The mesosphere consists of the lower mantle between the asthenosphere and outer core The

The mesosphere consists of the lower mantle between the asthenosphere and outer core The mesosphere contains molten rock which is called ‘magma’

The outer core is 2200 km thick and made of nickel and iron The

The outer core is 2200 km thick and made of nickel and iron The outer core is mostly liquid

The inner core is a solid sphere of iron, nickel and cobalt (radioactive) The

The inner core is a solid sphere of iron, nickel and cobalt (radioactive) The temperature of the inner core is thought to be between 4000 and 5000 degrees Celsius

Scientists believe that cobalt in the core decays producing heat The heat from the

Scientists believe that cobalt in the core decays producing heat The heat from the core produces energy that makes the magma move producing earthquakes, volcanoes and plate movement

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