The Functioning of Body Systems Associated with Energy

The Functioning of Body Systems Associated with Energy Metabolism FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY UNIT TUTOR: JUWAYRIYAH NASEER

Grading Criteria: Assignment Task 2 Describe the role of energy in the body and the physiology of three named body systems in relation to metabolism (P 4) Explain the physiology of three named body systems in relation to energy metabolism (M 1) Use examples to explain how body systems interrelate with each other (D 1)

Learning Objectives Identify & describe forms of energy & terminology associated with energy metabolism Identify & explain principles of energy conservation & energy transformation Identify & define principles of Catabolism & Anabolism Identify & explain activities involved in supplying energy to the body.

Forms of Energy Chemical Energy: Electrical Energy: Potential energy that is stored in the bonds of compounds and molecules within the body Energy resulting from the existence of charged particles Light Energy: Sound: Energy released by vibrating objects creating sound ENERGY (also known as radiant energy) may be produced when energy is converted from one type to another Heat Energy: (also known as thermal energy) produced when energy is converted from one type to another, e. g. when potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.

Energy Laws Energy is the capacity for matter and radiation to do work.

Definitions: Matter The material substance of the universe that has mass, occupies space and is convertible to energy

Definitions: Radiation Energy emitted (coming) from a source in the form of rays or waves, e. g. heat, light, sound.

Definitions: Kinetic Energy associated with matter in motion, such as when a person moves.

Energy Laws: Conservation of Energy can neither be created nor destroyed It may be converted from one form to another The food we eat contains potential energy in the form of chemicals Some of this will converted into various forms of kinetic energy, such as mechanical energy enabling us to walk.

Energy Laws: Transformation of Energy The process by which energy changes its form

Energy from the sun is used by plants in photosynthesis & stored as chemical energy Animals use some of the energy produced from eating the plants as kinetic energy to enable them to move and function Eventually the animal dies and decomposes Over millions of years the nutrients released from the animal’s body become fossil fuels & they can be burnt to produce energy such in the form of heat & light

Definitions: Energy Metabolism The balancing process by which energy is produced & used up by all the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Energy Metabolism: Catabolism Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones, releasing chemical energy. For Example: The breakdown of stored body fats into glucose so that it can be used as an energy source (Krebs Cycle)

Energy Metabolism: Anabolism Energy produced as a result of catabolic reactions is needed for anabolic reactions which are: Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules to form the body’s complex structural & functional components

Energy Metabolism: Anabolism is about building up cells. Some of the body’s anabolic reactions are:

Energy Metabolism: Anabolism Tissue growth & repair Storing nutrients in fatty tissues When glycerol reacts with fatty acids to form lipids Process of small sugar molecules joining to make disaccharides When amino-acids join at each stage of protein synthesis, e. g. forming dipeptides

Activities involved in supplying energy to the body The digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory systems are essential in ensuring that energy is released through metabolic reactions.