The French Revolution World History Ch 3 Lets

The French Revolution World History Ch. 3

Lets Back Up for a Moment • Greeks • Democracy and Voting • Jews • What is “right” in the eyes of God • Justice • Romans • Republic • Representative Government • Christianity • Equality and Fairness

Lets Back Up for a Moment • Middle Ages • • Ignorance Fear Superstition Tradition • just the way it is

Lets Back Up for a Moment • Scientific Revolution • Enlightenment • Trying to understand the physical world • Using the scientific revolution to understand human behavior • Government Return to Greco-Roman Reason to combat superstition and tradition

Lets Back Up for a Moment • Thirteen British Colonies become the United States of America • The Enlightenment in practice

Who’s Next?

World History – Standard Review C. S. S. – 10. 2

Standard – 10. 2 Students compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty. Government Glorious Revolution of England American Revolution Personal freedom French Revolution

(England) Glorious Revolution English Bill of Rights ? (United States) American Revolution U. S. Bill of Rights ? (France) French Revolution Declaration of the Rights of Man ? Standard – 10. 2. 2

The French Revolution Standard – 10. 2. 4 4 Napoleon’s Empire 3 2 1 King & the Old Regime 5 Decline Napoleon’s Empire Rise of Napoleon Revolution & Reign of Terror 6 The Rise and Fall Congress of Vienna – limited monarchy

The French Revolution Standard – 10. 2. 5 o to u o Y lution o v e R the Democratic Share. Revolutions odies b d a Once you try it you can’t e d r Limited Over ou Monarchy Congress Redeny publicit! s for Eve ryone 1830 and 1848 of Vienna

The French Revolution On the Eve of Revolution World History Ch. 3 -1

What were the major themes of the Enlightenment? �Natural Law led to Natural Rights �The Social Contract provided the bond �Purpose: to define government’s role in society �What are the rules and who gets to write them?

French Society Divided �The Ancient Regime � The estates were names given to the social classes of France � Dates back to medieval times � Could not move between

French Society Divided �The First Estate �Clergy �Less than 1% of the population �Owned 10% of the land �About 2% of their income was taxed

French Society Divided �The Second Estate �Nobles �About 2% of the population �Owned 20% of the land �Paid no taxes

French Society Divided n n The Third Estate 97% of the people ¡ Bourgeoisie n The Middle class – doctors, lawyers, business owners n n n Urban Workers Rural Peasants Paid about 50% of their income in taxes

French Society Divided �The Bourgeois took to the enlightenment �They believed they had the most to gain �Wanted democracy, more political power, and lower taxes

“The Third Estate is the people and the people is the foundation of the State; it is in fact the state itself. The other orders are merely political categories while by the immutable laws of nature the People is everything…” How has the Enlightenment influenced this quote?

Financial Troubles

Financial Troubles �Deficit Spending �Living on borrowed money �Paying two wars �French and Indian War �American Revolution �Lavish Lifestyle

Financial Troubles �Louis 14 th �Louis 15 th �Louis 16 th �Spent too much money � 15 and 16 Weak leaders �How do we pay it back?

Financial Troubles � Jacques Necker � Limit government spending � How do I keep partying without money? � Increase Taxes � On the nobles and clergy No way dude! � No Solutions? � Call on the Estates General � A meeting of reps from all three estates to find a solution � 175 years ago (A LOT has changed since then)

Louis XVI (16 th) Calls for the Estates General � Meet at the palace of Versailles � Problem? Only three votes, one per estate � Clergy and Nobles = 2 � Third = 1 � Who always wins? � Third Estate creates a National Assembly (97%) � Solve money problem and demand change � When they meet the doors are locked � They meet at a Tennis Court and take Oath � They swore, “…never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution. ”

Parisians Storm the Bastille � Parisians fear royal soldiers � Demand the “weapons” in the Bastille � Prison � Fighting started � Citizens storm the fortress � Release some prisoners � Others killed � Celebrated as Bastille Day in modern France � “This is no revolt, it is a revolution!”

Let’s begin our roughdraft 1. Write a question for each starred heading – “How did French society being divided lead to the storming of the Bastille? ” 2. Write your response to each question – “France was divided up into three estates called the Ancient Regime. The clergy made up the first estate. The…”

The French Revolution Unfolds World History Ch. 3 -2

Chapter 3 -2: The French Revolution Unfolds �What We Know � We have learned about the beginnings of the French Revolution: �Feudalism �Ancient Regime and Three Estates Unequal sharing of power �Deficit Spending �Estates General �National Assembly �Tennis Court Oath �Storming of the Bastille �What We Will Know � Now We will study : �How the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution, including the principles behind the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, and how France developed into a constitutional monarchy.

Build Background Knowledge �Recall the problems that led to the start of the French Revolution and the formation of the National Assembly. �Predict what the National Assembly might do to try to solve some of those problems. � They swore, “…never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution. ”

Political Crisis Leads to Revolt � Great Fear (country side) � Rumors � Attacks on peasants � Crop seizures � Led to attack on nobles Peasants attacking the estates of the nobility � Paris Commune seizes power � Factions - Different groups of people � Who will take control? � Marquis de Lafayette � Moderate � Voice of Reason – how far do we take this? � Paris Commune � Radical � Replaced royal city government � End to the monarchy � “The Mob”

The National Assembly Acts �Special Privilege End � Feudalism is abolished �Made all three estates equal

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789 v Liberty! v Property! v Resistance to oppression! v Modeled (in part) after the Declaration of Independence

U. S. Bill of Rights (I-X)

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Posed New Dilemmas 1. Did women have equal rights with men? Olympe de Gouges 2. What about free blacks in the colonies? 3. How could slavery be justified if all men were born free? 4. Did religious toleration of Protestants and Jews include equal political rights?

The National Assembly Acts Women March on Versailles � 6000 women march 13 miles in the rain � Demand bread (food) � Demand to see king � Angry at Marie Antoinette � Wanted the king close – back to Paris

The National Assembly Presses On The Church is Placed Under State Control The Constitution of 1791 Establishes a New Government �Civil Constitution of � Set up limited monarchy � Set up Legislative the Clergy � The “State” controls the church not the Pope � Priests punished �Peasants do not support �Disagreement opens between Paris and the peasants Assembly � Make laws � Collect taxes � Decide issues of war and peace � Moderates – “We’re Done!” � Enlightenment goals with church not involved in government

The National Assembly Presses On Louis’s Escape Fails �Louis 16 th and Marie � Disguised - attempt to flee to Austria � Seen as traitors

Radicals Take Control Rulers Fear Spread of Revolution Threats Come From Abroad �Emigres �Governments of Prussia � Noble, clergy, and others who fled to other countries �Spoke of violence �Other rulers of other countries fear it will spread to them �Others believe violence will get worse – it does! and Austria � Threaten to invade to protect Monarchy – Declaration of Pilnitz �Austrian Emperor – Marie Antoinette's brother

Radicals Take Control Radicals Fight for Power and Declare War � Sans-culottes � Wore pants, not breeches � Working-class � Wanted republic � Jacobins � Parisian – middle-class intellectuals � Moderates – We are Done! The National Assembly Declares War on Tyranny �Declares war on enemies of liberty � Austria � Prussia � Britain � And others � Lasts until 1815

Let’s continue our rough draft 1. Write a question for each starred heading – “What political crisis led the National Assembly to institute reforms during the first stage of the French Revolution? ” 2. Write your response to each question – “The Great Fear in the countryside lead to a revolt. This in turn created factions in Paris as people and groups struggled for power. ”

The French Revolution Radical Days of the Revolution World History Ch. 3 -3

Chapter 3 -3: The French Revolution Unfolds �What You Know � You have learned how France became a constitutional monarchy. �Factions �Feudalism �Declaration of the Rights of man and the Citizen �Constitution of 1791 �What You Will Know � Now you will study : �How France develops into democratic despotism (or in other words – the killing begins)

Build Background Knowledge � The French Revolution is about to enter the “radical” stage. � Preview the pictures and brainstorm possible reasons for the atrocities that often take place in revolutions.

The French Revolution Standard – 10. 2. 4 4 Napoleon’s Empire 3 2 1 King & the Old Regime 5 Decline Napoleon’s Empire Rise of Napoleon Revolution & Reign of Terror 6 The Rise and Fall Congress of Vienna

Radical Days of the Revolution The Monarchy is Abolished �Parisians � Angered they attack prisons – kill 1200 nobles and priests � Radicals create National Convention – full male suffrage � Abolish monarchy, create republic, execute king and queen Terror and Danger Grip France � France at war with “all” of Europe � Convention creates Committee on Public Safety � Able to tax � In charge of trials and executions � Robespierre � Lawyer – the “Incorruptible” � “No liberty without criminals losing their heads”

Terror and Danger Grip France Reign of Terror � Led by Robespierre � Revolutionary courts conduct “hasty” trials � Execute “enemies” of the republic � September 1793 – July 1794 � Convention members afraid of Committee of Public Safety � Robespierre and others executed Maximilien Robespierre

The Revolution Enters its Third Stage Directory Napoleon Bonaparte � Moderates take control � Constitution of 1795 � Create 5 man directory � Two-house legislature � Made up mainly of bourgeoisie � 1795 -1799 � Chaos � Food prices - riots � Emigres returning � Church still upset � Election of 1797 – majority wanted constitutional monarchy �People turned to war hero for “HELP!”

Revolution Brings Change National Spreads Revolutionaries Push for Social Reform �Nationalism = a strong �Set up state schools feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country � Loyalty from local government to national government �Systems to help the poor, old soldiers, and war widows �Ended slavery in colonies �Still at war and what is to come? ? ?

The French Revolution The Age of Napoleon World History Ch. 3 -4

Chapter 3 -4: The Age of Napoleon �What You Know � You have learned how France developed into a democratic despotism. �King and Queen Executed �Committee of Public Safety �Robespierre � 5 Man Directory �Napoleon Bonaparte �Rise in French Nationalism �What You Will Know � Now you will study: �How Napoleon turned France into an empire, how he spread nationalism across Europe, and how the Congress of Vienna tried to create a lasting peace by turning back the clock.

Build Background Knowledge � Remember that in 1799 Napoleon was a popular military leader. Predict how his military background might influence France.

The French Revolution Standard – 10. 2. 4 4 Napoleon’s Empire 3 2 1 King & the Old Regime 5 Decline Napoleon’s Empire Rise of Napoleon Revolution & Reign of Terror 6 The Rise and Fall Congress of Vienna

The French Revolution Standard – 10. 2. 5 o to u o Y lution o v e R the Democratic Share. Revolutions odies b d a Once you try it you can’t e d r Limited Over ou Monarchy Congress Redeny publicit! s for Eve ryone 1830 and 1848 of Vienna

Napoleon Rises to Power Victories Cloud Losses �Napoleon had many initial victories �General & Politician �Directory – replaced with 3 man consul � Napoleon is consul for LIFE Napoleon Crowns Himself Emperor �Power began legally � Plebiscite – popular vote by ballot �Eventually names himself Emperor � People could vote � Napoleon had absolute power (tyrant)

Napoleon Reforms France Napoleon’s Reforms Napoleonic Code � Controlled Prices �Embodied � Encouraged new business � Built roads and canals � Schools to train government officials and military officers � Made peace with the church � Peasants got to keep land � Encouraged emigres to return � Jobs based on talent not birth � Make Everyone Happy!!! Enlightenment Ideals � Equality, religious toleration, no feudalism �Took rights away from women �Napoleon valued order, security, and efficiency � At what expense?

Napoleon Builds an Empire The Map of Europe is Redrawn Napoleon Strikes Britain � His empire �Britain stood alone � Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany � Abolished the Holy Roman Empire � Cut Prussia in half � And other stuff too � Force and diplomacy � Refer to next slide (map) � Battle of Trafalgar �British Navy wins �Attack Britain via MONEY! � Continental System �Closed Europe to British goods �Mutual Blockades

Napoleon’s Empire Faces Challenges Nationalism Works Against Napoleon Spain and Austria Battle the French �Nationalism motivates �Spain French soldiers �Others welcome “republican” change �BUT – resent French occupation of THEIR country �Resented the Continental System � Resisted France � Still loved the king and church � Brutal guerilla war � Austrians also resist �Lose again to France

Napoleon’s Empire Faces Challenges The Russian Winter Stops the Grand Army �Tsar Alexander I � Did not like Continental System � 1812 – Napoleon invades Russia �HUGE MISTAKE – Winter �Retreats all the way back to France Russian Winter

Napoleon Falls From Power Napoleon Abdicates Briefly Waterloo and Napoleon’s Legacy �France continues to fight �Napoleonic Code and loses � Napoleon abdicates � Exiled to Alba � Fear of the Old Regime returning � Napoleon escapes and is back � Battle of Waterloo is the end �Sparked nationalism across Europe �Holy Roman Empire – Germany �Louisiana Purchase in U. S.

Leaders Meet at the Congress of Vienna Congress Strives for Peace Congress Fails to See Traps Ahead �Restore stability and �Quadruple Alliance order �Create a lasting peace and a balance of power �Turn back clock to 1792 � Limited Monarchy in France � Legitimacy � Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain � Concert of Europe �Meetings to discuss problems �Could not foresee growing nationalism among minorities and desire for personal liberty government involvement

The French Revolution Standard – 10. 2. 4 4 Napoleon’s Empire 3 2 1 King & the Old Regime 5 Decline Napoleon’s Empire Rise of Napoleon Revolution & Reign of Terror 6 The Rise and Fall Congress of Vienna

The French Revolution Standard – 10. 2. 5 Democratic Revolutions Limited Once you try it you can’t Congress Monarchy deny it! of Vienna 1830 and 1848