The French Revolution The Rise of Napoleon Opening

The French Revolution The Rise of Napoleon

Opening King Louis XVI lost his power because…

Changes in France’s Government

French Constitution of 1791 Legislative Branch National Convention” Assembly – “National elected leaders to to vote for and enact laws. Executive. Branch Executive Branch “Committee ofenforce Public Safety” “Committee King Louis XVI of of Public – to. Public Safety” Small group leadby by laws – small andgroup command lead by the Small group Robespierre military empowered to Maximilien Robespierre enforce laws. empowered to enforce laws. Judicial Branch The Committee of Public Safety’s power grows as the Courts – to evaluate laws a civil war. Royalists and Jacobins begin and judge cases

Reign of Terror (1793 -1794) Robespierre’s “Committee of Public Safety” kills Royalist “Enemies of the People” by guillotine. 16, 000 to 40, 000 killed in a year and a half!

Maximilien Robespierre Executed (July 27, 1794) Members of the National Convention declare Robespierre’s “Committee of Public Safety” hypocritical and call for execution. He is shot in the mouth and then decapitated.

Legislative Branch National Assembly “National Convention” – elected leaders to vote and for and enactfor laws. enact laws. Executive. Branch Executive Branch “Committee ofenforce Public Safety” “Committee of Committee King “The Louis XVI of. Directory” Public – to. Public Safety” Small group leadgiven by laws – small andgroup command lead by the Five Small unelected group men lead by Robespierre military empowered to Maximilien Robespierre enforce laws. command Maximilien of the Robespierre military to empowered to enforce laws. empowered enforce to enforce laws. Judicial Branch The Committee of Public Safety replaced by the Directory Courts – to evaluate laws and judge cases

Napoleon Saves the National Convention (October 1795) • General Napoleon Bonaparte defends the National Convention from Royalist attack by firing cannons at the protesters. • Clears the streets with a “whiff of grapeshot. ”

Directory Chooses Napoleon Bonaparte to Command the Military (1796 - 1799) • Napoleon’s army conquers Austria, Italy and Egypt.

Napoleon Becomes Dictator (December 24, 1799) Napoleon Branch Executive Branch “National Convention” Napoleon Bonaparte “The “First given Directory” Consul” elected leaders to vote for and enact laws. power to enact, Five Napoleon enforce unelected Bonaparte andleadersgiven evaluate command power laws. to enforce of the military laws with to The National enforce the military. laws. Legislative Branch Convention replaces the Directory with Napoleon, giving him executive power to enforce laws Judicial Branch Courts – to evaluate laws and judge cases Napoleon writes a constitution giving him legislative and judicial power also. Voters approve it in 1800.

Napoleon Crowns Himself Emperor (December 2, 1804)

Napoleon’s Positives (1800 - 1804) • Defends France from an allied invasion by Britain, Austria and Russia • Restores order by stabilizing economy with efficient taxes and banking • Creates public schools so that all children can learn Meritocracy vs. Aristocracy

Napoleon’s Negatives (1804 - 1814) • Autocratic leadership = Low Quality Decisions • The “Napoleonic Code” took away rights • Tried to conquer the world (page 666) – 1806 Continental System against Britain (page 668) – 1808 Peninsular War in Spain (page 669) – 1812 Invasion of Russia (page 669 – 670)

The Hundred Days Comeback (1815)

Closing Why did Napoleon come to power? How did Napoleon gain power?