THE FRENCH REVOLUTION LIBERTY EQUALITY FRATERNITY THE REVOLUTION

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY

THE REVOLUTION • WAS INSPIRED BY……… • #1 THE ENLIGHTENMENT • #2 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

THE OLD REGIME • This cartoon from the era of the French Revolution depicts the • Third Estate The Third Estate • as a person in chains, who supports the King, the clergy, and the nobility on his back.

ESTATES GENERAL: IS THREE ESTATES or SOCIAL CLASSES 1 ST ESTATE: ROMAN CATHOLIC CLERGY 1 ST 2 ND (POPE AND PRIESTS) 2 ND ESTATE: PAYS NO TAXES THE NOBILITY PAYS NO TAXES 3 rd 3 RD ESTATE: BORGIOUSE LAWYERS, MERCHANTS, CRAFTSMAN & FARMERS, PEASANTS, PAYS ALL OF FRANCE’S TAXES

The First Estate = 1% • The First Estate: the Clergy OR (Catholic Priests). • Both Wealthy Cardinals and beginner Priests • THE SECOND ESTATE = 2% • The French Nobility, • Inherited their titles • Their wealth came from their land.

The Third Estate 97% **Everyone who was not a member of the first or second estates was a member of the third It included: – Wealthy merchants Doctors and lawyers – Shopkeepers The urban poor – The peasants who worked the land.

CAUSES TO THE FRENCH REV. UNFAIR SOCIAL DIVISIONS FINANCIAL CRISIS UNEQUAL TAX BURDENS GOVERNMENT DEBT

The French Royalty The royal family lived in luxury at the Palace of Versailles. While a majority of French citizens FRENCH PALACE were Starving

Louis XVI ( 16 th ) • Was a- weak Leader • Ran up the- French Debt By Having the French Army fight in two WARS NO ONE WOULD LOAN THE KING ANY MONEY # 1. French & Indian WAR HE WAS BROKE! # 2. American Revolution WAR # 3. Had Expensive parties

# 1 ESTATES GENERAL • King Louis Called the Estates General to get MONEY from the NOBLES! • The Third Estate ( Middle Class & Commoners) Wanted more REPRESENTATION in GOV. by Vote!! • King Louis Said No! So The Third Estate Created a NEW GOVERNMENT!

# 2 National Assembly • The 3 rd estate removed themselves from the Estates General and created a new REVOLUTIOANARY GOEVERNMENT called THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY !

TENNIS COURT OATH The National Assembly Gathered on the King’s TENNIS COURT and wrote a NEW CONSTITUTION FRANCE BECAME A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCY

# 3 NATIONAL CONVENTION • THE REVOLUTION BECOMES RADICAL • The Tennis Court Oath (French Constitution) is set aside • A New Government Called the National Convention Takes Over. • The Conventions Job: Protect The Revolution • The Guillotine was used to kill opponents of the Revolution!

The Rise of the Jacobins • The JACOBINS (RADICAL GROUP) thought the king should die to protect revolution. THE KING IS EXECUTED AND THEN…… THE REIGN OF TERROR BEGINS

The execution of Louis XVI

Maximilien Robespierre • Leader of the • Reign of Terror & THE # 4 COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY Last man killed by the Guillotine

# 5 THE DIRECTORY • By 1795, the republic was gone 5 men with business interests had taken control of executive power in France.

Napoleon Bonaparte • With the “Republic” gone people accepted the coup d'etat of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799. • The revolution was over. & France was controlled by a DICTATOR

The Three Estates • Before the revolution the French people were divided into three groups: – The first estate: The clergy – The second estate: The nobility – The third estate: The common people (bourgeoisie, urban workers, farmers and peasants). Legally the first two estates enjoyed many privileges, particularly exemption from most taxation.

Republic of Virtue • Robespierre was the mastermind of the Reign of Terror. __________ He was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety, the most powerful committee of the National Convention, and the most powerful man in France. He explained how terror would lead to the Republic of Virtue in a speech to the National Convention: “If the spring of popular government in time of peace is virtue, the springs of popular government in revolution are at once virtue and terror: virtue, without which terror is fatal; terror, without which virtue is powerless. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. . . ” Speech on Terror …. "the end justifies the means" describes Robespierre's policy well.

1. What two major things inspired the French Revolution? Enlightenment & American Revolution 2. What was the name given to the legislative assembly in France prior to the Revolution? Estates General 3. How many levels of Social Class existed in France and what were their names and who was in them? Three: 1 st Estate ( Clergy) 2 nd ( Nobility) 3 rd (Everybody Else) 4. What was it that made Someone a part of the “Nobility Class” Land Ownership 5. Who paid all of Frances Taxes prior to the French Revolution? The THIRD Estate

The Last Victim of the Reign of Terror • Even the Radical Jacobins, the supporters of Robespierre, came to feel that the Terror must be • STOPED • D A N T O N Stood up in the Convention calling for an end to the Terror. He became the Terror’s next V I C T I M. – When Robespierre called for a new purge in 1794, he seemed to threaten the other members of the Committee of Public Safety. • The J A C O B I N S had enough after a while OTHER REPRESENTATIVES stood up in the Convention and said “It is time to tell the whole truth. One man alone is paralyzing the will of the Convention. And that man is Robespierre. ” Robespierre was arrested and sent to the G U I L L O T I N E the next day, the last victim of the Reign of Terror.

The Directory • People had grown tired of the instability and bloodshed of the revolution and were ready for something more moderate. • By 1795, the republic was gone, and 5 men with business interests had the executive power in France. • This new government was called The Directory. – It was far more conservative than the Jacobin republic had been. – It also did not work out. – The Directory was Replaced by a Dictatorship run by Napoleon!

• A Legislative Assembly is a group of appointed or elected Citizens who gather together to create laws based on what the citizens of a country want that also has to be in agreement with a agreed upon Moral and Ethical Code of Conduct.