The French Revolution 1789 1815 Chapter Eleven Causes

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The French Revolution 1789 -1815 Chapter Eleven

The French Revolution 1789 -1815 Chapter Eleven

Causes of the French Revolution

Causes of the French Revolution

The Old Regime and the Financial Crisis n n n First Estate – Clergy

The Old Regime and the Financial Crisis n n n First Estate – Clergy Second Estate – Nobility Third Estate – Commoners n Bourgeoisie made up about 8% of the population. n Peasants made up about 75 to 80% of the population. n Another component of the Third Estate was the skilled craftspeople, shopkeepers, and other wage earners. n The immediate cause of the revolution was the near collapse of government finances. n n Bad Harvests Manufacturing Decline Almost 1/3 of the population was considered poor. Enormous amounts of money was spent on: n n n Costly wars Court luxuries Foreign aide

Cahiers n n Notebooks that listed the people’s grievances with the French government. Called

Cahiers n n Notebooks that listed the people’s grievances with the French government. Called for the following: n n n Fairer Taxes Freedom of the Press Estates General Meeting

Tennis Court Oath n n On June 20, 1789, locked out of the Estates

Tennis Court Oath n n On June 20, 1789, locked out of the Estates General meeting, the National Assembly met in an indoor tennis court. The deputies swore not to break apart until a new constitution was drafted which became known as the Tennis Court Oath.

Storming of the Bastille

Storming of the Bastille

Great Revolt & Paris In Arms n n Rumors claimed that the government was

Great Revolt & Paris In Arms n n Rumors claimed that the government was seizing more of the peasants crops. Peasants revolted by attacking nobles’ homes, stealing grain, and other aggressive acts. n n Paris became the revolutionary center. Marquis de Lafayette headed up the National Guard. He was the first to present the red, white, and blue colors of the new French government. Paris Commune now became the governing body.

Declaration of the Rights of Man n Document was inspired by the American Declaration

Declaration of the Rights of Man n Document was inspired by the American Declaration of Independence and Constitution and the English Bill of Rights. Called for Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity n Freedom & Equal Rights for All Men n Access to Public Office Based on Talent n End to Exemptions from Taxation n Freedom of Speech and Press n

Time of Reform Reorganizing the Church n The National Assembly voted to take over

Time of Reform Reorganizing the Church n The National Assembly voted to take over and sell church lands. n It put the French Catholic Church under state control. A Written Constitution - Set up a Limited Monarchy - Created a Legislative Assembly consisting of 745 members. - Lawmakers were men over 25 who paid a specific amount of taxes. The Fateful Flight - Queen persuades King Louis XVI to leave France. - In June of 1791, they were caught and returned to France.

Legislative Assembly Takes Over

Legislative Assembly Takes Over

Sans-Culottes and the Jacobins n n n These were members of the Paris Commune.

Sans-Culottes and the Jacobins n n n These were members of the Paris Commune. Sans-culottes, “ordinary patriots without fine clothes. ” Defined as, “without breeches” n n The Jacobin club was a large network of political groups throughout France. Two factions within the Jacobins were the Mountain and the Girondins feared mobs and wanted to keep the king alive. The Mountain pushed for the execution of the king and won.

France becomes a Republic and King Louis XVI is Executed

France becomes a Republic and King Louis XVI is Executed

From Left to Right Jacobins and others who wanted to abolish the monarchy. Supporters

From Left to Right Jacobins and others who wanted to abolish the monarchy. Supporters of moderate reform Supporters of the monarchy. Reform had gone too far.

Robespierre and the Reign of Terror

Robespierre and the Reign of Terror

Critical Thinking Questions n n n Compare and contrast the leadership styles of King

Critical Thinking Questions n n n Compare and contrast the leadership styles of King Louis XVI, Robespierre, and Napoleon. What factors allowed Napoleon to gain such popular support even though France fought a revolution to end autocratic rule? Was Napoleon a believer in the ideals of the revolution? Did he maintain any of these revolutionary ideals? If so, which ones? What are the commonalities between Oliver Cromwell, Adolf Hitler, Boris Yeltsin, and Napoleon? Based upon your findings, answer the question, “Does history repeat itself? ” Create a chart illustrating the reasons for Napoleon’s rise and the factors that led to the fall of the Grand Empire.

Chronological Order n n n Execution of Marie Antoinette Storming of the Bastille Execution

Chronological Order n n n Execution of Marie Antoinette Storming of the Bastille Execution of Louis XVI Reign of Terror Tennis Court Oath Meeting of the Estates General