The French Higher education and research landscape More

The French Higher education and research landscape More than eighty public universities

Since 2005 the educational programs are organised in three levels aligned on the american system : Licence : undergraduate, 3 years Licence equivalent to Bachelor Master (2 years, the second one including 6 months of research) equivalent to US master degree Doctorate, Ph. D 3 years. At the doctorate level, junior scientists are funded by a grant directly from the ministry of research and higher education or from national research organisms or local authorities

Network of French universities involved in Marine Science Univ Lille I Univ Caen Univ Côte d’Opale Univ Brest Univ Nantes Univ Paris VI Univ La Rochelle Univ Bordeaux I Univ Toulon Univ Aix-Marseille Symbole size indicates the student numbers in each university

Human and financial yearly investments of French Universities in Marine research

Educational programs Master degree level Disciplinary fields covered by marine sciences master degrees Disciplinary fields of Master Degrees in Marine Sciences Law / Geography Economics Brest Paris VI Nantes La Rochelle Lille Caen Bordeaux I Aix - Marseille Geosciences Physics Biology/ Ecology Chemistry

Apart the universities, marine research is conducted by several national organisms : (non exhaustively) Ifremer French Research Institute for the Exploration of the Sea CNRS National Center for Scientific Research IRD Research institute for the development of Southern countries, Engineering schools ENSTA, Telecom. Bretagne, Naval academy, …

Institute affiliation for the teachers and researchers in Marine Science and Technology USTL UCBN%) UBO UPMC UN : 91 ULR UBx I AM II

The CNRS National Center for Scientific Research 2011 Budget 3 204, 3 M€ About 80 % in salary costs 11 450 researchers , 14, 180 engineers and support staff

Research funding organisation Established in 2005 Near 800 millions euros distributed each year in research fundings Based on competitive calls Rate of success : about 20 % 6 thematic priorities

The basic operational structure of the french research The UMR Mixed Research Units ('Unités mixtes de recherche' - UMR) are joint research lab Hosted by a university Where different partners (Universities and national organisms) pool human ressources and share technical means. Partners commit to a five year contract, on the basis of a scientific prospective drawn together. Evaluation by AERES Evaluation Agency for Research and higher education

Recent evolution 2010 – Launching of the « Investments for the future » programme 22 billions of euros invested through national competitive calls

Main marine projects of Brest Scientific pole selected in the framework of « Investments for the futur » Laboratory of Excellence MER a changing ocean Equipement NAOS – Oceanic Observation ARGO Institute in Marine Renewable energy

IUEM European Institute for Marine Studies

Launched in 1995, From the agreggation of laboratories from the University of Western Brittany Progressive intensification of the participation of the CNRS (NATIONAL CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH), the Ifremer, then the Research institute for Developpement ( IRD)

TBI - PMB CERV CLS Esmisab Idhesa ENIB Telecom Cetmef IPEV Ifremer IUEM BLP SOMLIT-MAREL IUEM comité de visite IUEM - 1/12/2010

IUEM is a joint institution of the University of Brest (UBO), CNRS and IRD. A fundamentally multidisciplinary approach of marine sciences Scientific Goal Observe, understand processes and modelise marine systems More precisely Inestigate interactions and couplings of the system atmospher-ocean-geosphere-biosphere In the contexte of increasing anthropic pressures at variable temporal and spatial scales

Observatory of the Sciences of the Universe (OSU) of the National Institute of Sciences of the Universe (INSU) (one of the CNRS institutes) Internal School of the University of Western Brittany (UBO) RESEARCH EDUCATION OBSERVATION 400 permanent employees, 400 students

UMS IUEM 3113 Shared services In collaboration with IFREMER, CNRS and IRD, the Brest cluster has generated high level scientific services PSO CAPARMOR LA PEROUSE Pôle Spectrométrie Océan Pôle de Calcul Scientifique Documentation sur la Mer Mass spectrometers (6) et several clean rooms (3) c An high class analytical platform devoted to marine sciences A supercomputer for oceanographic modelling « Top 500 » world level 16 th national rank The most important centre for marine documentation in France

Research Units Management and use of marine resources and ecosystems Science and Policy Integration for COastal System Assessment Laboratory of the physics of the ocean Understanding and modeling of the oceanic circulation from coastal to oceanic scales Oceanic domains (LDO) geology, geophysics, geochemistry Genesis and Evolution of oceanic basins Coastal sedimentary processes

Laboratory of sciences of the marine environment (LEMAR) Multi scale interactions in the marine Biosphere Laboratory of microbiology of extreme environments (LM 2 E) Microbial life in hydrothermal vents and sub-seafloor Geography of the coastal zone (GEOMER) Nature-Society interactions in the coastal zone

Educational Program

Marine & Coastal Sciences Law and economics • Law of the sea and shipping (Research and Professional) • Policy and economics of agricultural, marine and • environmental resources (Research and Professional) Master Degrees Marine biology (Research and Professional) Ocean geo-science (Research) Surveying and managing coastal environments (Research) Continuum physics and mechanics • Ocean and atmospheric physics (Research) • Marine geophysics (Research) Chemistry of marine environments

Doctoral school « Ph. D Program in Marine Sciences » (EDSM) A multidusciplinary doctoral school in partnership with Ifremer, Ecole Navale, ENSIETA, SHOM, IRD, CETMEF, AGROCAMPUS 190 Ph. D students In 2007, creation of MENTOR , Marine European Network for Training of Researchers Norway Germany UK University of Bergen, Institute of marine studies and others (Bergen) France EDSM, Ifremer, Naval academy, SHOM and others (Brest) (pilot of the MENTOR network, 2008/2009) Christian-Albrechts-University, Leibniz Institute for Marine Studies(Kiel) University of Bremen, Alfred Wegener Institute & Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (Bremen & Bremerhaven) University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton)

Ocean Observatory Observatories in the coastal and open-ocean domains Coastal (Bay of Brest and nearby coastal habitats): Several time-series studies, at multiple sites (SOMLIT, MAREL, Maerl, Herbiers, Trait de Côte, EVECOS, Phyto) Overall goal is to describe and model the responses of the coastal biosphere to climate and/or anthropogenic perturbations Open-ocean (Predominantly Atlantic): Water column: Variability in North Atlantic circulation (OVIDE, ARGO) Sea Floor: Magnetism, acoustic detection and location of volcanic and seismic activity

Coastal Ecosystem Biodiversity and Functioning Benthic Survey : MAERL (1992) SEAGRASS (1997) – French Network of Marine Lab/Rebent Herbiers Maerl Pelagic survey : SOMLIT (INSU network) MAREL (high frequency measurement) Bloom de Dinoflagellés 2002 Gymnodinium mikimotoï

Open Ocean Observations Water column Crest-ARGO

Sea floor observatories Acoustic series(Atlantic)

Sea floor observatories Acoustic series(Indian)

Thank you