The French and Indian War The French and

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War 1754 -1763 • also known as the Seven years war in Europe

Cause of the French and Indian War Both Great Britain and France claimed the land to the west of the colonies.

Identify: Mississippi River Ohio River Allegheny River Monongahela River St. Lawrence River Lake Champlain New Orleans Quebec Fort Duquesne Nova Scotia Hudson River

British/American Interest Settlers from Virginia, Maryland Pennsylvania were beginning to settle on the lands near the Ohio River and the colonies were expanding west.

“The Ohio Country” and Western New York

French Interest The French had been using the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to conduct trade with Native Americans for furs and wanted to keep control of it.

The French Fur Trade

Native American Interest They lived there and wanted to keep their land. Which side do you think the Native Americans will take in the war?

Alliances 1. 2. 1. The French 2. The Indians or Native Americans(Huron and Algonquin)

Alliances 1. British 2. Americans Colonists 3. Indians/Native Americans (Iroquois)

The first conflict of the War In 1753, Colonial Americans began constructing a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers which join to form the… Ohio river (present day Pittsburgh, PA).

The Forks of the Ohio French forces show up, take control of the area and finish building the fort, naming it Fort Duquesne.

The first shots of the war 1754, Colonel Washington leads troops to take control of Fort Duquesne and win a small battle but are defeated soon after, in the battle of Great Meadows. Washington surrenders.

The Albany Congress In June, 1754, representatives from 7 of the American Colonies meet with the members of the Iroqouis Confederation (six nations of Native Americans including the Mohawk). Benjamin Franklin suggests that the American Colonies should form a Grand Council, called the “Albany Plan of Union. ” One of the first political cartoons in American History

to take over and control Fort ______ and Ohio river area The British Plan their attack In 1755, The British devise a plan for a 3 pronged attack. 1. To take over and control Fort Duquesne and the Ohio river area

The 2 nd prong in the 3 prong attack 2. To take over Lake Champlain, Lake George and northern New York along the Hudson river

The rd 3 3. To take over Acadia and the Atlantic coast of Canada Prong of Attack

3 Prongs of Attack

The British Attack Nova Scotia In 1755, The British take control of Acadia, renaming it Nova Scotia, and force the residents of Acadia to move into the American colonies, most Acadians make their way to New Orleans. What are the descendents of these people now called? Cajuns

The Battle of the Monongahela The British are defeated in their effort to take over Fort Duquesne. The British and American Colonists lost the Battle of the Monongahela, the French and Indians used the trees as cover while the British and Americans used linear tactics.

What is happening in this picture?

Fort William Henry In 1755, the British can advance only as far as Lake George in New York and build a fort at the southern end of Lake George named Fort William Henry.

Fort William Henry Lake Champlain Lake George

The French take Fort William Henry 1757, The French take over Fort William Henry at the southern end of Lake George. Although surrendering, the British and Americans are massacred as they are leaving by Indians allied with French.

Who is winning the war thus far? How many of the prongs have the British been successful at so far?

The Tide Turns In 1758, The French lose control of 2 key areas, Fort Louisbourg at the mouth of the St. Lawrence river and Fort Frontenac at the north end of Lake Ontario

The British take over Fort Duquesne In 1758, late in the year, the British win control of Fort Duquesne in a surprise attack with the help of North Carolina soldiers.

Who is winning the war now?

The Battle for Quebec In 1759, the British take control of the fortress city of Quebec. Famous picture of the Death of British General James Wolfe at the Battle of Quebec.

The last blows of the war In 1760, the British take control of Montreal The Battle of Montreal is the last of the fighting between Great Britain France in North America, though they will continue to fight in other areas of the world until 1763.

The Treaty of Paris, 1763 In 1763 the Treaty of Paris is signed. Although the war in America has been over for almost 3 years, the war in Europe and elsewhere continued until 1763.

The Treaty of Paris, 1763 As a result of the Treaty of Paris, France lost all claims to territories in North America, all land east of the Mississippi would be ceded to Great Britain.

The Proclamation of 1763 In 1763 the Proclamation of 1763 was made, the British would allow no colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains.

The French and Indian War in North Carolina Major Hugh Waddell, Sergeant John Rogers and 300 troops participated in the capture of Fort Duquesne in November 1758.

Cherokee Attacks The Cherokee, who were part of the Iroquois nation remained friendly to North Carolinians until 1759. After some Cherokee were killed in Virginia, the Cherokee began to attack settlements in North Carolina, including Bethabara. North Carolina in the French and Indian War

Daniel Boone Famous North Carolinian who took part in the unsuccessful Battle of the Monongahela (under General Edward Braddock), served at Fort Dobbs, and was an early trailblazer across the Appalachian mountains into Kentucky. Probably most famous for finding and using the Cumberland Gap to travel west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Fort Dobbs In 1756, North Carolina built Fort Dobbs (near present day Statesville) Major Hugh Waddell was in charge of the Building of Fort Dobbs in 1756. Fort Dobbs Website

North Carolina attacks the Cherokee In response to the Cherokee attacks, North Carolina sent troops into the mountains to fight the Cherokee. In 1760, the Cherokee defeated a force of 1, 600 Highland Scots near the present day city of Franklin in Macon county.

North Carolina defeats the Cherokee In 1761, 2, 000 Colonial militia and Indians defeated the Cherokee, again near Franklin in Macon county.

The Congress of Augusta In 1763, The Congress of Augusta was held, it was a treaty between the Southern colonies and Native Americans. agreements included; 1. traders could visit Indian towns without fear of being harmed 2. both groups agreed to punish for stealing, murder and breaking the peace 3. Creek Indians gave up 2. 5 million acres in Georgia, and it was agreed that colonists would move no further west.

Georgia Settlers gain land

Great Britain won and got more land