The Founding of the American Republic Era 1776

■ The Founding of the American Republic Era (1776 – 1800) is done. A period of rapid expansion (land economic) is about to begin.

Jefferson believed that America should be an “agrarian republic” that protects liberty.

As a “strict constructionist” Jefferson did The Louisiana Purchase (1803) not know if he had the Constitutional power to buy Louisiana but he did it anyway In 1803, Jefferson Lewis & the Clark were sent by Jefferson to map & authorized this new territory; Their findings Louisianaexplore Purchase revealed an abundance of natural resources for from Franceand helped to lay future land claims. America for $15 million

Americans. Jefferson’s smuggled & Jefferson had to increase the size of gov’t to enforce the embargo Embargo Jefferson’s embargo was a “pain in the rear end” because it hurt Americans more than it hurt the English or French

1. George ■ James Madison won the Washington presidency in 1808 & 1812 2. John Adams 3. Thomas Jefferson 4. James Madison 5. James Monroe 6. John Q. Adams 7. Andrew Where is the Jackson Federalist stronghold?

The War of 1812 ■ Unfortunately, the war between “Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” Englandwas & France continued to a popular battle cry cause problems for Americans: –England & France continued to violate American free trade –The British navy continued to “impress” American merchants –Many Congressmen, called “War Hawks” Hawks demanded war with Britain to defend U. S. honor

Causes of the War of 1812 ■ ■ ■ French & British both seized U. S. shipping. US sailors were “impressed” (Chesapeake Affair) into the British Navy. US embargo failed to gain American rights. War Hawks: a member of Congress (usually from the south & southwest) who advocated going to war. Why? To possess Canada (more land). British arming Native Americans in the NW territory. Opportunity to crush Indian Confederacy … and gain more land.

Causes of War of 1812 – destroy Indians in NW Territory

Tecumseh’s Confederacy

War Hawks of 1812 Henry Clay Kentucky John C. Calhoun South Carolina

The War of 1812 What’s the POV of this propaganda?

Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution” Madison eventually gave in & asked Congress for a declaration of war in June 1812

The War of 1812 (1812— 1814) The. U. S. British ■ The was attacked & burned not ready to Washington, DC… fight when the war began …and laid siege to – Had a where weak Baltimore Francis Key navy. Scott & poorly wrote the “Star trained army Spangled Banner” – The war went badly at first

Events during the War 1. Failed Invasion of Canada but Indian Confederation under Tecumseh was destroyed. 2. Most gov’t buildings in DC were burned to the ground (Capitol & White House 3. Star Spangled Banner poem written during bombardment of Fort Mc. Henry.

Events of the War of 1812 4. Battle of New Orleans fought after was technically over. Americans won the battle and thought they won the war. 5. America had a new war hero in General Andrew Jackson, “the Hero of New Orleans. ”

The War of 1812 (1812— 1814) ■ Even though Britain was winning, they were fighting Napoleon’s army in Europe & wanted to end the war in America quickly

The War of 1812 (1812— 1814) The Americans ■ In 1814, Britain were led by & U. S. signed Andrew Jackson the Treaty of who became a Ghent ending national hero the war The victory ■ Before newsat New Orleans arrived, the led many Americans won to as though thefeel Battle of they the war Newwon Orleans

Treaty of Ghent ■ Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but it did not address trade rights or other causes of the war ■ Effects of the War of 1812: 1. Americans were united in a sense of nationalism, believing that they had beaten the British. 2. America entered an “Era of Good Feelings” 1 political party & booming national economy.

The Hartford Convention POV? ?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Nationalism (national pride – thought we had won). Forced Americans to manufacture their own goods. Eliminated Indian “threat” (east of MS River) Andrew Jackson = War Hero Federalist Party disappeared due to Hartford Convention 1814 and talk of secession by the NE states over “Mr. Madison’s War”. (Who’s “rock’n the VA/KY Resolves now? )

How did Madison’s Foreign Policy differ from previous presidential action? Why? Washington – Non partisan Adams - Federalist Jefferson - Republican Avoid Alliances Remain Neutral Stay out of European Wars Jay’s Treaty Farewell Address to nation “Quasi War” “XYZ Affair” Embargo Act Macon’s Bill

1. George James Monroe was elected Washington president in 1816 & 1820 2. John Adams with a clear set of goals: 3. Thomas – To promote national unity Jefferson 4. James –To promote America’s Madison power in the world 5. James ■ Monroe was a Democratic. Monroe Republican, but by 1816 6. John Q. Adams the Federalists were so 7. Andrew weak that the Republicans Jackson could do anything.

The Era of Good Feelings ■ After the War of 1812, America experienced an “Era of Good Feelings” from 1815 to 1825: –Monroe & the Republicans in Congress used this time to promote American nationalism –Nationalism—the interests of Nationalism the nation should be placed ahead of regional interests

American Nationalism ■ Monroe & the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in 3 ways: –Gov’t: Increasing the power of the national gov’t over the states

American Nationalism ■ John Marshall (1801 -1835) used the Supreme Court to strengthen the power of the national gov’t:

American Nationalism ■ Monroe & the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in 3 ways: –Gov’t: Increasing the power of the national gov’t over the states –Economy: Encourage industry & build better transportation to link the South, North, & West

The American System ■ In 1816, Congressman Henry Clay proposed the American System to unify the economies of the North, South, & West. –Created a 2 nd Bank of the U. S. –Created a tariff to promote U. S. industry & limit the importation of foreign goods. –A nat’l system of roads & canals

The. Western American System the USA to create farms grewallowed grains & a national market for the 1 st time raised livestock that economy fed the nation How was a national economy created? Transportation Northern byfactories 1840: made. Rivers, manufactured Roads, goods that were & sold Canals, throughout the Railroads country Southern cotton was used in northern textiles factories

Settlement ofofthe Trans-Mississippi After the War 1812, Americans flooded Thisinto economic & territorial growth 1/3 created the West; By 1840 over of the a need to settle America’s boundaries Congress quickly admitted population livednational in the West 5 new states to the Union: Indiana (1816) Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Mississippi (1817) Louisiana (1812)

American Nationalism ■ Monroe & the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in 3 ways: –Gov’t: Increasing the power of the national gov’t over the states –Economy: Encourage industry & build better transportation to link the South, North, & West –Foreign Policy: Expanding U. S. borders & increasing America’s role in world affairs

President. American Monroe &Nationalism his Secretary of State In 1819 the USA gained John Quincy Adams used foreign policy to Florida from Spain with the promote nationalism & territorial expansion Adams-Onis Treaty. Story. In 1818, Monroe & British leaders agreed to establish the US/Canada border set at the 49º A brief story to explain how we acquired Florida from Spain.

Nationalist Foreign Policy ■ When Latin American nations gained independence, the U. S. supported the new republics: –Monroe did not want Europeans re-colonizing in Latin America –Monroe Doctrine (1823) warned European nations that the USA would protect the Western Hemisphere. –Why?

Sectionalism ■ The Era of Good Feelings was a time of nationalism, but there were problems between North & South –Sectionalism—when regional Sectionalism interests are placed above national interests. –Northerners & Southerners disagreed over slavery, national taxes, & the role of national gov’t –These disagreements dominated politics from 1820 to 1860.

Missouri Compromise Because of the 3/5 applied Compromise, ■ When Missouri to become South had sectionalism more members emerged of athe U. S. state, the House of Representatives –Missouri wanted to become a President Monroelike wasthe from Virginia, slave state, South so the South controlled the presidency too –Northerners did not want to see Southern slave states increase their power in the national gov’t –If Missouri entered as a slave state, the South would have 2 more Senators than the North.

In. Maine 1820, broke Henry Clay negotiated the from Massachusetts Missouri & became Compromise a free state Missouri became a slave state Slavery was outlawed in all western territories above the latitude of 36° 30'