The Formation of Western Europe The Middle Ages

The Formation of Western Europe

The Middle Ages Early Middle Ages 800 476 Fall Frankish Of Kingdoms Rome Rise 511 AD High Middle Ages Martel Stops Muslim Invasion 732 Late Middle Ages 1000 AD Charlemagne Crowned Holy Roman Emperor Formation Of England And France 987 -1066 Carolingian Dynasty Falls apart, Feudalism Rises 900 1300 King John Approves Magna Carta 1215 The Plague Strikes Hundred Europe Years’ War 1347 1453 Constantinople falls to Ottoman Turks 1453 1 st of the Crusades Begin 1095 Mongol Invasions of China, Russia And S. W. Asia 1211 -1260

England- land of the Angles Which invaders settled in England? Angles and Saxons and Vikings Where did the Angles come from? Denmark The Danish King – Canute conquered England in 1042 and the Angles, Saxons and Vikings that lived there were united as a country.

In England, feudal manors gave rise to towns and villages. Villagers were called Burghers.

The Norman Conquest • William the Conqueror, united most of England when he defeated his cousin Harold in the battle of Hastings in 1066. He became King William I of England.

Henry II would succeed William I Henry: Strengthened the courts - A jury trial system was developed in which cases were judged on a case-by-case basis. Courts gained power, commoners gained some rights both at the expense of the feudal lords

The compilation of court decisions Became known as “common law”. Common law is unwritten law based on custom or a court decision. What is similar about this development to our court system? U. S. civil law based on this system

King John comes to power in England In 1199. • Not a popular king • Lost the Normandy region to the French • Raised Taxes to an all time high – Guess what happened? His nobles revolted

In 1215, King John was forced to sign The Magna Carta or Great Charter It was intended to limit the king’s power and give more power to the Nobles. But, The commoners would later argue That it guaranteed everyone the following rights:

1) No taxation without representation 2) A jury trial 3) Protection of the law

The Magna Carta would later lead to the evolution of Parliament – Comprised of two houses—the House Of Lords and the House of Commons.

FRANCE By 1000 CE, France was divided into about 30 feudal territories

Hugh Capet – established the French throne in Paris and his dynasty gradually expanded their control over most of France. This began the Capetian dynasty

The Hundred Years’ War When the last Capetians died, disputes between England France and claims to the French throne led to war. England France fought for over 100 Years! Known as the 100 Years’ war.

Joan of Arc Would lead French Troops at the Battle of Orleans, was captured by the English, tried as a heretic and burned at the stake. She unified France The war finally ended in 1453 – France won and England was left with only Calais

Impact of the Hundred Years’ War • Exhausted the treasuries, Destroyed the landscape of France And cost lives but Citizens in both countries gained a sense of national identity. Commoners became loyal to the kings Of England France rather than their feudal lords.

Spain • Was Muslim until 1212 • The Christian “reconquista” began in Tolosa and later spread to Cordoba and Seville. • Christian Troops expelled the Muslim troops but allowed the Citizens to enjoy their religion

Much of Muslim architecture and Moorish culture has been preserved in Spain.

Ferdinand Isabella would later expel all Moors (Muslims) in 1492. The Inquisition was an effort by the Roman Catholic Church to torture heretics into confessing their guilt. The Spanish Empire expanded in the Western Hemispere expanded under Charles V.

Russia

Russia Becomes an Empire – between 1462 - 1505 Ivan III (Ivan The Great) • Repelled the Mongols • Centralized power in Moscow (the Third Rome) • expanded the Russian nation. • Became a Tsar and centralized Power to the Tsar • The orthodox church influenced Unification.

Picture Bibliography http: //www. englishmonarchs. co. uk/images/various 2/conwy_6. jpg http: //www. ljhammond. com/phlit/images/cottages. jpg http: //www. lordalford. com/middleages/william. jpg http: //www. pitt. edu/~medart/image/france-l-toz/mapsfrance/sf 056 fra. jpg http: //www. terrorism-illuminati. com/book/images/hugh_capet. gif http: //dic. academic. ru/pictures/enwiki/82/Richard_I_and_Joan_greeting_Philip_A ugustus. jpg http: //www. tustin. k 12. ca. us/cyberseminar/soc/seven/hundredyearswar. jpg http: //4. bp. blogspot. com/_Tztoy. FTz. Fw/Rq 6 PXn 5 h 1 p. I/AAAAAWc/Wu. PMO 9 v. Mx 2 s/s 1600/Joan+of+Arc. jpg http: //api. ning. com/files/i 4 f. TJpz. VJDN 8 Rlk. Rwy. Kc. G 3 Ap. YXZIl 9 Td. G 0 x. Ucj*5 Qs_/Moorish. Architecture. jpg http: //oregonstate. edu/instruct/phl 302/distance/lascasas/images/ferdinandisabella 2. jpeg