THE FIRMAMENT 6 November 2010 Gerardus D Bouw

THE FIRMAMENT 6 November 2010 Gerardus D. Bouw, Pd. D.

DEFINITIONS • Space = room needed for our existence. • Void = a space with no substance through which light and matter can only travel as particles. • Plenum = an infinitely dense medium pervading all space, the opposite of void. • Ether = an rare medium pervading all space which allows light to travel as a wave in the void. • Firmament = a created, finite medium that, to atomic matter, behaves as a plenum while shielding the universe from the real plenum’s heat.

POWERS OF TEN • • 1 x 10 -3 = 0. 001 1 x 10 -2 = 0. 01 1 x 10 -1 = 0. 1 1 x 100 = 1 1 x 101 = 10 1 x 102 = 100 1 x 103 = 1, 000 2 x 10 -5 = 0. 000 02

THE FIRMAMENT Genesis 1: 6 -8 6 And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. 7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. 8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.

Nothing • • Size = 0 Power = 0 Intelligence = 0 Existence = none

Nothing is impossible!

THE INVERSE OF NOTHING • • Size Power Intelligence Existence

THE INVERSE OF NOTHING • • Size Power Intelligence Existence Infinite

THE INVERSE OF NOTHING • • Size Power Intelligence Existence Omnipresence Omnipotence Omniscience Immortality

THE INVERSE AS ENTITY • • Size Power Intelligence Existence Omnipresence Omnipotence Omniscience Immortality I AM THAT I AM

THE INVERSE OF NOTHING IS GOD

OMNIPOTENCE PROPERTIES Omnipresence By E=mc 2: Infinite Density A medium of infinite density is called a Plenum

HISTORY OF THE PLENUM • Well-established by 5 th century B. C. • Leucippus proposed atoms-in-a-void model • Parmenides defended plenum model

HISTORY OF THE PLENUM • Plenum fell out of favor • Can’t move through lead, how much less through an infinitely-dense plenum? • The model refuses to die. • But: motion is possible in a plenum • As long as the plenum is uncreated • And motion is cyclical

HISTORY OF THE PLENUM • Fresnel and Arago showed that light moves in waves • Invalidated the void part of Leucippus’ model • Ether invented as an ethereal medium • To transmit light waves • Has been problematic since its invention

HISTORY OF THE PLENUM Max Planck (1858 -1947) Father of quantum physics

HISTORY OF THE PLENUM • In 1898 Max Planck discovered natural units. • • Length = 2 x 10 -33 cm Mass = 2 x 10 -5 gm Time = 5 x 10 -44 sec Temperature = 1 x 1032 K

HISTORY OF THE PLENUM • Planck particle • A new type of “atom. ” • Of density 5 x 1093 gm/cm 3 • Densely packed into a medium • Is it real or a deficiency in our physics? • It’s real: the Firmament

THE FIRMAMENT Is the Planck medium the Bible’s firmament? Why did God create it? Is firmament the right translation?

WHY CREATE A FIRMAMENT? 22 What if God, willing to show his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction: 23 And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory, To shield the vessels from God’s plenum properties

FIRMAMENT OR EXPANSE? Creation of the firmament. 6 And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. 7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. 8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day. —Genesis 1: 6 -8

FIRMAMENT OR EXPANSE? • Canopy? • Now thoroughly discredited • Earth’s crust? • Genesis 1: 17 says the stars are in the firmament • Expanse? • Rather non-committal: could be solid or shell • Hollow shell?

Is the Firmament a Shell? • From Egyptian cosmology? • Nut • Pictured as naked woman covering the earth like the dome of a serving dish. • But – She’s only out at night – Plays a yearly role with the sun

Is the Firmament a Shell? • From Egyptian cosmology? • Lotus blossom • Sun sails sky by day • At dusk lotus blossom closes – Sinks into the abyss • At dawn sun is reborn & lotus opens Neither story supports the shell model

IS “FIRMAMENT” THE RIGHT TRANSLATION? • Comes from the Latin, firmamentum • Means a thing that strengthens or supports • Old Latin translated from Hebrew ca. 130 • Aquila’s Greek ca. 150 • Translated Hebrew as stereoma. • Means a firm or solid structure • Hebrew is rakija, from raka • Means to condense, to make firm or solid.

IS “FIRMAMENT” THE RIGHT TRANSLATION? All English translations up through the AV, including the Douay-Rheims, read “firmament. ” add to that the primacy of the plenum universe over the atomic universe and there can be little doubt that THE TRANSLATION, FIRMAMENT, IS CORRECT.

THE FIRMAMENT AS A CREATED PLENUM • How big is a grain of firmament? • 2 x 10 -33 cm • Enlarge a Planck length to one centimeter • The centimeter would span 12, 000 universes laid side-byside • Enlarge a Planck length to the size of a hydrogen atom • The hydrogen atom would be as large as ten million earths laid side-by-side

THE FIRMAMENT AS A CREATED PLENUM • Recall the density of the firmament is 5 x 1093 gm/cm 3 • That’s equivalent to about 1037 universes per cubic centimeter. THE FIRMAMENT IS THE MOST MASSIVE THING CREATED

THE FIRMAMENT AS A CREATED PLENUM • How can we move through the firmament? • Atomic matter moves in • waves through the firmament – density 1093 gm/cm 3 but • as particles through the void – density of the universe is less than 10 -29 gm/cm 3

THE FIRMAMENT AS A CREATED PLENUM • How can we move through the firmament? • The wavelengths of nuclear particles must be vastly longer than a Planck length. • The Compton wavelength • Of a Planck particle is a Planck length (10 -33 cm) • Of the smallest stable particle, a proton, is 10 -13 cm That leaves 20 orders of magnitude about which we know next to nothing!

THE FIRMAMENT AS A CREATED PLENUM That leaves 20 orders of magnitude about which we know next to nothing! No nuclear or larger particle can ever detect the presence of the firmament.

THE FIRMAMENT AS A CREATED PLENUM • Light is a transverse wave. • The speed of a transverse wave through the firmament is the speed of light. • There is no need for the ether: the firmament IS the ether.

Secular View of the Firmament • Aliases for the firmament • • • Vacuum state Planck medium Spacetime foam Zero point energy (ZPE) Dark energy Markov’s maximon fluid

Secular View of the Firmament • Aliases for the Planck particle • Maximons • Massive superstrings • Virtual particles

Secular View of the Firmament Spacetime Foam • Consists of Virtual Particles • Pop into existence • Last a Planck time (10 -44 second) • Pop out of existence • Virtual particles are not REAL • With no real constraints the violence of their “pops” predicts the existence of all sorts of strange structures, such as wormholes (tunnels in spacetime) • No such structures are observed • Therefore constraints are real and so are the particles

Firmament View of Spacetime Foam • Future is pure energy • Every 10 -44 sec. a sheet of energy is jolted lose from the future. • The sheet undergoes a phase change • We call this process the present • Solidifies into a sheet of Planck particles which are stacked like holograms into the past. • It is that solidification that is interpreted as virtual particles • The particles fade from view when next sheet lands on top of them.

SUMMARY • Firmament • Planck atoms • • • Special properties Rules all physics • Anchors earth Bears motion as waves • Determines speed of light Shields atomic universe from plenum Parmenides’ plenum

SUMMARY • 20 -orders of magnitude void • Further shields universe from plenum • Great unknown region

SUMMARY • Atomic universe • • • Particle behavior Void-like intergalactic space Leucippus atomic model Light behaves as particle It’s physics is totally dominated by firmament

CONCLUSION As a created plenum, the Planck medium is the only candidate for the Biblical firmament of Genesis 1. It shields the creation from God’s fervent heat. Since the firmament rules the physics of the universe it is the most likely cause of the phenomenon that physics “seems to conspire” to anchor the earth at the dynamic center of the universe. The Copernican Revolution was thus mistaken in concluding that the Bible need not be believed when it touches on scientific matters.