THE FEMINIZATION OF HIV IN ECUADOR PATRIARCHY AS

Background Pre. Columbian Cultures / Cosmology and sexuality Colonial legacy and coloniality of power

Public Health State, Civil Society, and International Agencies Legal and Constitutional Frameworks (1995 violence

Women and gender Vulnerability – violence, unfaithfulness, religiosity, abuse and dependency, forced sexual relations,

Citizenships and Subversion (from within) Activism (Women, Indigenous, and LGBTIQ) Formal or institutionalized -

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THE FEMINIZATION OF HIV IN ECUADOR PATRIARCHY AS A THREAT TO PUBLIC HEALTH A TRANSFEMINIST PERSPECTIVE Fabián Espinosa – Academic Director – SIT Study Abroad Ecuador/National Identity, Ethnicity, and Social Movements August 10, 2010

Background Pre. Columbian Cultures / Cosmology and sexuality Colonial legacy and coloniality of power / social classification system based on ethnicity and gender Hegemonic masculinity / biopolitical heteronormative discourses / male imaginaries and sexual conduct Sexism /violence against women / homophobia (discrimination and stigmatization)

Public Health State, Civil Society, and International Agencies Legal and Constitutional Frameworks (1995 violence towards women, 1997 political participation of women, 1998 decriminalization of homosexuality, 1999 labor protection for women, 2004 anti-discrimination , 2005 crimes of hate, 2008 plurinationality, interculturality, nature as subject of rights, gender identity, civil unions, recognition of diverse family models Priorities (persons living with HIV; prevention initiatives for girls, boys, and adolescents; vertical transmission; GBTM; sexual workers; gender equity; safe blood; military personnel; prison inmates; refugees) HIV - From illness to epidemic to pandemic

Women and gender Vulnerability – violence, unfaithfulness, religiosity, abuse and dependency, forced sexual relations, sexual exploitation, exclusion and marginality, poverty and migration HIV – disempowerment, inability to negotiate condom use, marriage, limited access to sexual and reproductive health care, inexistent male-oriented sexual health programs

Citizenships and Subversion (from within) Activism (Women, Indigenous, and LGBTIQ) Formal or institutionalized - Legal recognition and resource distribution in order to protect specificity and exercise citizenship – Accomplishments and critiques Micropolitics – Daily and informal practices, effective possibilities to influence one’s settings and brake away from norm. Rhizome rather than arborescent structure or network. Multiple non-hierarchical entry and exit points.