THE FABULOUS FIFTIES AND THE TURBULENT SIXTIES Social
THE FABULOUS FIFTIES AND THE TURBULENT SIXTIES Social and Political Events
“Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future. ” JFK
Terms Fifties 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. G. I. Bill Baby boom Brown v. Board Civil Rights Rock and Roll Sputnik Sixties 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. New Frontier Cuban Missile Crisis Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Great Society Counterculture NASA
The Cold War 1950 s The Korean Conflict Red Scare and Mc. Carthyism Suez Crisis Rise of Castro in Cuba Presidents Truman and Eisenhower 1960 s Vietnam War Vienna Conference Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis Political Assassinations Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson,
Asia: The Domino Theory and Containment of Communism
Korean War Vietnam War
Map Directions—see atlas Korea—page 100 -101 Label the two Koreas and their capitals Draw and label China, the Yalu River, Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea Draw and label the 38 th parallel Draw and label the Demilitarized Zone or DMZ Make a key and indicate Communist North (red)and Vietnam—page 108 -109 Label the two parts of Vietnam with capitals, Laos, Cambodia, and Gulf of Tonkin Draw and label the 17 th parallel and DMZ Draw and label the Ho Chi Minh Trail in red Make a key and indicate communist (green)and noncommunist areas (gold) before 1975
Compare and Contrast the Korean War and the Vietnam War— 5 details for each circle
Casualties (2012) (for spending, see costofwar. com) Iraq Afghanistan Fatalities: 4486 Total for both: 7442 Fatalities: 2956 Wounded: 31, 454 Total for both: 34, 826 Wounded: 3372 Total Casualties: 42, 568 The federal budget allotted 24% for military spending
50 s Topics
Fifties Quotes—Match the speaker Richard Nixon “I will go to Korea” Winston Churchill “An iron curtain has descended…” Joseph Mc. Carthy “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away” “…our little dog, Checkers…” “There are communists working in the government. ” Douglas Mac. Arthur Dwight D. Eisenhower
Fifties Presidents
APUSH Truman Years: 1945 -1953 Post-war Tensions, United Nations, Truman Doctrine, Berlin Airlift, Cold War Fair Deal—Democratic President with a Republican Congress 22 nd Amendment Passed in 1947 Taft-Hartley Act—limited union power Election of 1948—Truman, Dewey (Repub), Thurmond (Dixiecrat), Wallace (Progressive)— False Headline, “Dewey Defeats Truman” Eisenhower Years: 1953 -1961 GI Bill of Rights, Baby Boom , Suburban Growth and Rise of Sunbelt States—conformity and comfort Korean War and desegregation of the armed forces Election of 1952 over Dem. Adlai Stevenson Vice-President Richard Nixon (Checkers Speech) Ike went to Korea and resolved conflict Modern Republicanism Prosperity and suburban life Interstate Highway System Covert actions abroad (Iran and Venezuela) Independence movements in Africa and Asia of former colonies Suez Crisis—Eisenhower Doctrine OPEC oil alliance and Arab nationalism Spirit of Geneva and Khruschev Hungarian Revolt Sputnik Berlin Crisis and Camp David Meeting U 2 Incident Communism and Rise of Castro in Cuba Ike’s warning about military industrial complex
Fifties Conformity Alexis de Tocqueville, a French political scientist, wrote in 1832: “I know of no country in which there is so little independence of mind as in America. ” Explain why social critics in the 1950’s probably would have agreed with de Tocqueville’s criticism.
Conformity Suburban living—see Levittown “The American Dream” Backyard patios replaced front porches Anonymity—air conditioning, garages, lawns, fences
“Little Boxes”—song by M. Reynolds Little boxes on the hillside, Little boxes made of ticky tacky, 1 Little boxes on the hillside, Little boxes all the same. There's a green one and a pink one And a blue one and a yellow one, And they're all made out of ticky tacky And they all look just the same. And the people in the houses All went to the university, Where they were put in boxes And they came out all the same, And there's doctors and lawyers, And business executives, And they're all made out of ticky tacky And they all look just the same. And they all play on the golf course And drink their martinis dry, And they all have pretty children And the children go to school, And the children go to summer camp And then to the university, Where they are put in boxes And they come out all the same. And the boys go into business And marry and raise a family In boxes made of ticky tacky And they all look just the same. There's a green one and a pink one And a blue one and a yellow one, And they're all made out of ticky tacky And they all look just the same.
Conformity… Conservative Clothes Conservative Politics (“We like Ike”) Consumerism— “Keeping up with the Jones”—credit Growth of corporate America and “white collar” jobs Segregation
White Collar vs. Blue Collar
Conformity Baby Boom and Dr. Spock’s ideas of raising children Automobile—drive-ins, freeways, burger joints Television (c. 1948)—united the American experience TV was called “a vast wasteland” TV Game shows—scandal TV Congressional Hearings on Communism in U. S.
Mc. Carthyism: 1950 -56
Venona Papers Project between 1943 -1980 De-ciphered Soviet Intelligence through code breaking Published in 1995 under Freedom of Information Act (maybe Mc. Carthy was right? !) Verifies work of Alger Hiss, Rosenbergs and others as Soviet spies
The Drive In Movie
Women Middle class married women were housewives and full-time mothers
The Baby Boom 1946 -1964
http: //www. youtube. com/w atch? v=h 8 k. Jz. BJr. Ok. U
50 s TV Highlights Nixon’s Checkers Speech Evening News Milton Berle Show “I Love Lucy” “Howdy Doody” Mickey Mouse Club
Father Knows Best Beaver Leave it to
Fifties social themes… Conformit y (most significant) Non. Conformity
50 s Examples of Non. Conformity Civil Rights Pill Culture Rock and Roll The Beats Coffee houses Beatniks Movies Books and poetry Juvenile Delinquents Art Architecture
Rock and Roll popular music started in the 1950 s that grew out of rhythm and blues
Beatniks
Method Actors
Abstract Expressionism
The Guggenheim Museum
The Fabulous Fifties https: //www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_detailpage&v=Pkf. Kg 7 yn. K 8 c People Technology Cold War Events Consumer Products Politics Entertainment Values and Lifestyle The Arts
Social Themes of 50 s and 60 s 1950 s Overall perception of conformity Suburbia Consumerism Segregation with efforts toward desegregation (Civil Rights) Conservative Clothes Pills/Pharmaceutical Companies Kinsey Traditional women Beatniks Religion—most Americans went to church—added “Under God” to 1960 s Overall perception of non-conformity “California Dreaming” More consumerism Integration, busing, Nation of Islam, Black Panthers “Mod” Drugs Sexual Revolution “Summer of Love” Women’s Rights Movement Hippies Less religious—Vatican II brought changes for Catholics
Politics 1950 s Truman Nixon’s “Checkers Speech” “We Like Ike”— Eisenhower Republican majorities Mc. Carthyism Traditional Values Civil Rights controversies Concerns about 1960 s Political Assassinations JFK— “High Hopes” Goldwater— “In your heart, you know he’s right” “All the way with LBJ” Television Civil Rights and Vietnam controversies Baby Boomers and youth-oriented politics Democratic Convention of 1968 Election of Nixon (Republican) “The Silent Majority” Urban riots The personal became political and
60 s Non-Conformity—overall theme Hard Rock Drug Culture Flower Children Hippies Black Panthers Nation of Islam Draft dodgers See counter-cultures Examples of conformity
Election of 1960
President John F. Kennedy, 19611963 Election of 1960– “High Hopes” The Kennedys Jackie and kids Robert F. Kennedy The New Frontier
http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =Dq. GOquw 2 K_U “Do not pray for easy lives. Pray to be stronger men. ” “The torch has been passed to a new generation. ” “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country. ” “By the end of this
Bay of Pigs Peace Corps NASA—Mercury Astronauts Vienna Conference Berlin Wall “Ich bin ein Berliner” Cuban Missile Crisis Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
November 22, 1963 Love Field Lee Harvey Oswald Texas School Book Depository The Grassy Knoll Parkland Hospital Jack Ruby Warren Commission “Camelot”
Sentimental Memories… “Don’t let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one brief shining moment that was known as Camelot. ” (from the Broadway show, Camelot—as quoted by Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy when reminiscing about her husband’s presidency)
Every person can make a difference and every person should try. ” JFK
LBJ Finished JFK’s term Pushed for Civil Rights Act Ran against conservative Senator Barry Goldwater in 1964 (“Extremism in the cause of virtue is no vice…”) (“In your heart, you know he’s right. ”) The Daisy Commercial led to a landslide victory for Johnson
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1964 Congressional Resolution authorizing President to take action in Vietnam
Great Society President Lyndon Johnson’s legislative proposals for aid to public education, voting rights, conservation, medical care, and poverty
President Lyndon Johnson, 19631969 The Great Society War on Poverty Medicare Medicaid Head Start Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Vietnam War—Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 1964 A liberal Warren Court Department of Housing and Urban Development
Political Assassinations Medgar Evers, 1963 John F. Kennedy, 1963 Malcolm X, 1965 Martin Luther King, 1968 Robert F. Kennedy, 1968 (note: Obama used RFK’s old desk in the Senate)
Warren Court Tinker v. Des Moines Miranda v. Arizona Wisconsin v. Yoder Issues: birth control, discrimination, rights of the accused, affirmative action, prayer in school, first amendment
Match up the Sixties Quotes “Do your own thing” Hippie philosophy The Generation Gap More hippie philosophy “Make love not war” Druggie philosophy of Timothy Leary Turn on, tune in, drop out… “What we have here, is a failure to communicate” “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” “The eagle has landed. ” “We are mired in a stalemate. ” Quote from Cool Hand Luke—a film about non-conformity Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon—Apollo 11 Commentary on Apollo 11 CBS anchorman Walter Cronkite’s commentary on The Vietnam War in 1968 Problem between parents and kids
Counterculture—group of young Americans in the 1960 s who rejected conventional customs and mainstream culture
Kent State— 1970 Anti-war protest on college campus turned violent when students burned down the ROTC Building The Governor asked President Nixon to send the National Guard Accidental shooting occurred leading to the death of four students
Test Review: Matching, Multiple Choice, Essay Fifties G. I. Bill Baby Boom Cold War Civil Rights Rock and Roll Sputnik Korean War Truman and Eisenhower The Beats Abstract Expressionism Conformity Sixties New Frontier Great Society Cuban Missile Crisis Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Vietnam Warren Court Counterculture NASA Rachel Carson Ralph Nader Betty Friedan Bob Dylan Goldwater
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