The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on support to

The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H-SAF) Bizzarro Bizzarri, on behalf of the H-SAF consortium Contents • Background, objectives, partnership • The products (precipitation, soil moisture, snow parameters) • The Hydrological validation programme • The stepwise development approach • Some focus on the precipitation processing chain 1 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

SATELLITE APPLICATION FACILITIES (SAF’s): decentralised elements of the EUMETSAT Application Ground Segment Meteosat Met. Op-EPS Other satellites (NOAA, TRMM, AQUA, . . . ) Ozone SAF Climate SAF Land SAF Nowcasting SAF EUMETSAT Central Facility Ocean & Ice SAF GRAS Meteo SAF NWP SAF New ! Hydrology SAF USERS 2 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

BACKGROUND In recent years, the interest of the hydrological community for using satellite data has rapidly increased because of: • improved satellite data quality; • improved performance of hydrological models including their capability to assimilate observational data. Steps towards the establishment of H-SAF: • 2000 -2001: consultation among EUMETSAT Member and Cooperating States. • 2001 -2002: Working Group on a Potential SAF (established objectives). • 2003 -2004: SAF Hydrology Framework Working Group (defined scientific strategy and long term vision). • 2005: Proposal for the H-SAF Development Phase (2005 -2010) delivered. • Development Phase approved by Council on 3 July 2005. Status as of today: • Kick-Off meeting held on 15 September 2005. • Preliminary Design Review (PDR) (12 -13 December 2006) being prepared. The Operational Phase should follow in 2010 -2015. 3 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Objectives of H-SAF The objectives of H-SAF are: • to provide new satellite-derived products: - precipitation (liquid, solid, rate, cumulate) - soil moisture (at surface, in the roots region) - snow parameters (cover, melting conditions, water equivalent); • to perform independent validation of the usefulness of the new products for hydrological applications. 4 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Composition of the H-SAF Consortium 5 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

6 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Satellite precipitation products and satellite data sources 7 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Coverage each 3 hours by polar satellites operational in 2006 NOAA-17 (LST 10: 24) (AMSU-A , AMSU-B) Met. Op-1 (LST 9: 30) (AMSU-A , MHS) DMSP-17 (LST 5: 30) (SSMIS) DMSP-16 (LST 8: 15) (SSMIS) NOAA-18 (LST 14: 00) (AMSU-A , MHS) 8 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Functional concept of the processing chain for precipitation products generation DMSP-16 Data from lightning networks DMSP-17 VIS/IR/M W images Meteorologi cal maps Data from raingauge networks NATO NOAA-17 SSM/ I SSMIS NOAA-18 REAL-TIME PREPROCESSING Met. Op-1 EUMETSAT AMSUPRODUCT A GENERATION AMSUB MHS MEMBERS AND QUALITY CONTROL COOPERATIN G STATES SEVIRI Meteosat-9 Database of precipitating cloud models EOS/Aqua TRMM NASA Tools for product validation and improvement Radar images Datasets of AMSR-E + AMSU-A + HSB Datasets of TMI + PR + LIS Feedback from National Civil Protection 9 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Satellite soil moisture products and satellite data sources 10 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

ASCAT coverage in 24 h. The close-to-nadir 700 -km gap in between the two 500 -km lateral swaths is not shown 11 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Functional concept of the processing chain for soil moisture 12 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Surface soil moisture products generation chain Met. Op Global parameter database ASCAT European parameter database ASCAT Processing Chain Disaggregate d product Global product Additional datasets Quality control SM-OBS-1 – Soil moisture observed by radar scatterometer End-users and H-SAF central archive 13 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Volumetric soil moisture product generation chain SM-OBS-1 Satellite observation s Integrated Forecast System Conventional observations Surface Data Assimilation System SM-ASS-1 - Soil moisture from ECMWF assimilation ZAMG product data base 14 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Satellite snow products and satellite data sources 15 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Coverage from AVHRR (in 6 hours) and MODIS (in 9 hours) during the Development Phase AVHRR coverage in 6 h by NOAA-17, NOAA 18 and Met. Op-1 MODIS coverage in 9 h by EOS-Terra and EOS-Aqua 16 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Functional concept of the processing chain for snow products DMSP-16 Data from infield snow stations DMSP-17 NATO NOAA-17 AVHRR MODIS NOAA-18 Met. Op-1 VIS/IR/M W images REAL-TIME PREPROCESSING Meteosat-9 SEVIRI SSM/I AMSRE ASCAT EUMETSAT PRODUCT GENERATION MEMBERS AND QUALITY CONTROL COOPERATING STATES EOS/Aqua Vegetation, DEM, GIS Tools for product validation and improvement EOS/Terra Two similar chains active: in Finland for flat and forested areas in Turkey for mountainous regions. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006 17

The hydrological validation programme must provide independent assessment of the impact of the new data on operational hydrology. Activities: • requirements analysis; • development of methodology and algorithms for products up-scaling, down-scaling, averaging over catchments etc. ; • use of hydrological/hydrodynamic models for impact studies; • determination of the requirements for improvements of product algorithms; • validation of final products with use of hydrological models; • developments of methodology and algorithms for merging satellite products with other data sources; • creation of structure for on-going H-SAF products validation and quality assessment. 18 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Concept of the hydrological validation Cluster and its relation to Clusters 1 -3 19 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

The hydrological validation programme will make use of test sites 20 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Logic of the H-SAF Development Phase Development work for improved precipitation data quality Development work for improved data assimilation schemes Routine production of precipitation data for systematic value assessment Development work for improved soil moisture data quality Development work for improved snow data quality Routine production of soil moisture data for systematic value assessment Routine production of snow data for systematic value assessment Space-time continuisation for grid data at specified times by assimilation Measured precipitation Computed soil moisture Computed snow parameters Measured soil moisture Measured snow parameters Assessment programme to evaluate the benefit of satellite-derived precipitation, soil moisture and snow information in European hydrology and water resource management 21 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Logic of the incremental development scheme Initial databases Current instrumen ts Baseline algorithm s Augmente d databases Cal/val programm e Prototyping Version-1 New instrumen ts Advanced algorithm s Version-2 Final Version End-user feedback Operational End-users and Hydrological validation programme 22 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Sketch system architecture of H-SAF SCIENTIFIC PROCESSING INPUT DATA Coordination ITALY as Host Satellites by direct read-out Precipitation products observed and forecast ITALY Satellites via EUMETCast Local databases Products from other SAF’s Ancillary data locally available NWP products and climatology USERS CENTRES Various links Soil moisture at surface layer AUSTRIA Soil moisture in roots region ECMWF H-SAF Archive U-MARF Client U-MARF Institutes in charge of hydrological validation (led by POLAND) Other R&D Institutes OPERATIONAL END-USERS Dedicated links Snow parameters in flat land, forests Snow FINLAND parameters in mountain areas TURKEY IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006 Operational hydro services Civil Protection operational units Meteorological services 23

DMSP F 15 DMSP F 16 NOAA, Met. Op NOAA 17 NOAA 18, Met. Op Meteosat 8 SSM/I SSMIS AMSU-A AMSU-B MHS SEVIRI Process or Process or SSM/I – SSMIS processing chain AMSU – MHS processing chain PR-OBS-1 – Precipitation rate from LEO/MW Accumulated precipitation processing chain Quality control LEO/MW + GEO/IR processing chain PR-OBS-2 – Precipitation rate from blended LEO/MW and GEO/IR PR-OBS-3 – Accumulated precipitation from LEO/MW and from LEO/MW+GEO/IR Quality control End-users and H-SAF central archive Precipitation products generation chain 24 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

OFF-LINE ACTIVITY Meteorological events REAL-TIME ACTIVITY Cloud Resolving Model Simulated cloud microphysics Radiative Transfer Model Simulated MW radiances Instrument model Actual SSM/I SSMIS data (preprocessed) Ingestion preparation model Precipitation retrieval model Uncertainty estimator model PRECIPITATI ON RATE Cloud-Radiation Database Error structure database ERROR ESTIMATE Flow chart of the SSM/I-SSMIS precipitation rate processing chain IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006 25

AMSU-A (48 km) AMSU-A (16 km) Extraction of highspatial frequency content Cloud microphysics provision (database or in-line NWP model) Geometrical TBD manipulations PRECIPITATI (reduction to ON RATE vertical viewing) Retrieval algorithm (Bayesian or neural network) TBD AMSU-B or MHS (16 km) Flow chart of the AMSU-MHS precipitation rate processing chain 26 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

SSM/I-SSMIS ~ 3 -hourly sequence of MW observations Morphing algorithm AMSU-MHS Lookup tables updating SEVIRI 15 -min images Rapid-update algorithm PRECIPITATION RATE Extraction of dynamical info Flow chart of the LEO/MW-GEO/IR-blending precipitation rate processing chain 27 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

Precipitation rate from MW imagery every 3 -4 hours (PR-OBS-1) Library of error structure of PROBS-1 PR-OBS-1 products archive On-line meteorological information (surface wind and temperature, …) Precipitation rate from MW+IR imagery every 15 minutes (PR-OBS-2) PR-OBS-3 products generatio n PR-OBS-2 products archive Library of error structure of PROBS-2 Accumulated precipitation over 24 h from MW only Accumulated precipitation over 24 h from MW + IR Accumulated precipitation over 12 h from MW + IR Accumulated precipitation over 6 h from MW + IR Accumulated precipitation over 3 h from MW + IR Flow chart of the accumulated precipitation processing chain 28 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006

DMSP F 15 DMSP F 16 NOAA, Met. Op NOAA 17 NOAA 18, Met. Op SSM/I SSMIS AMSU-A AMSU-B MHS Process or Process or SSM/I – SSMIS processing chain AMSU – MHS processing chain High resolution model synthetic radiances 1 D VAR Analysis Analysed precipitation rate (PR-ASS -1) Analysed hydrometeor profiles High resolution model Integration Forecast precipitation rate Accumulated precipitation Snow water equivalent (experim. ) Soil moisture (exp. ) PR-ASS-2 End-users and H-SAF central archive Precipitation and derived products by a meso-scale NWPMelbourne, model 23 -27 October 2006 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, 29

CONCLUSIONS H-SAF could strongly expand the use of satellites in Hydrology. The Development Phase (2005 -2010) will: • make available new products (precipitation, soil moisture, snow parameters) in a pre-operational fashion; • progressively improve products quality through a continuous development programme parallel to the pre-operational activity; • independently assess the benefit of the new products through a hydrological validation programme. Consequent to: • demonstrated feasibility and affordability of generating the new products; • demonstrated cost-effectiveness for application to Hydrology; a possible Operational Phase (2010 -2015) could follow. Cooperation with IPWG is essential for H-SAF: • H-SAF is not for science: it is for implementing an operational application; • all algorithms being used or considered for use stem from IPWG activity; • for products cal/val it is envisaged to heavily rely on IPWG settlements. 30 IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23 -27 October 2006