The Eternal Jew 1937 The Eternal Jew 1940

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The Eternal Jew (1937) The Eternal Jew (1940)

The Eternal Jew (1937) The Eternal Jew (1940)

Antisemitism: “The Longest Hatred” The basic meaning of the word “antisemitism” is dislike of

Antisemitism: “The Longest Hatred” The basic meaning of the word “antisemitism” is dislike of Jews. Beyond this initial assertion, however, we are faced with a variety of difficulties. One of these is that the word is used to apply to a whole variety of attitudes to Jews, from vague feelings of unease to outright murder, and the whole spectrum of feelings and actions that fall between those two extremes. . [Antisemitism] is a relatively recent word, coined in the late nineteenth century to denote to idea of the Jews as a race, and has come to stand for a millenia-old phenomenon—hatred of Jews. . [68] The Holocaust & Antisemitism (2003) “Big Picture” Questions: 1) How & why did antisemitism originate? 2) How & why did it change over time in differing historical circumstances/contexts? 3) What effects did it have the Jewish populations of Europe? 4) In what ways is modern antisemitism different from earlier forms? 1) 2) 3) 4) Pagan antisemitism Christian antisemitism Medieval & early modern antisemitism Modern secular or “scientific” antisemitism (19 th century +)

Antisemitism: Greco-Roman Antiquity Flavius Josephus (1 st century A. D. , Jewish historian) Against

Antisemitism: Greco-Roman Antiquity Flavius Josephus (1 st century A. D. , Jewish historian) Against Apion Book II But besides this, Apion objects to us thus: "If the Jews (says he) be citizens of Alexandria, why do they not worship the same gods with the Alexandrians? “ Moreover, Apion would lay a blot upon us, because we do not erect images for our emperors; as if those emperors did not know this before, or stood in need of Apion as their defender Apion hath the impudence to pretend that" the Jews placed an ass's head in their holy place; " and he affirms that this was discovered when Antiochus Epiphanes spoiled our temple, and found that ass's head there made of gold, and worth a great deal of money. . Apion ought to have had a regard to these facts, unless he had himself had either an ass's heart or a dog's impudence; of such a dog I mean as they worship; for he had no other external reason for the lies he tells of us. As for us Jews, we ascribe no honor or power to asses… [Apion] hath done whatever his extravagant love of lying hath dictated to him? . . . [How] is it possible that all the Jews should get together to these sacrifices, and the entrails of one man should be sufficient for so many thousands to taste of them, as Apion pretends?

Antisemitism: Beginnings of Christianity The Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) & Paul’s Letters Brothers,

Antisemitism: Beginnings of Christianity The Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) & Paul’s Letters Brothers, my heart's desire and prayer to God for the Israelites is that they may be saved. For I can testify about them that they are zealous for God, but their zeal is not based on knowledge. Since they did not know the righteousness that comes from God and sought to establish their own, they did not submit to God's righteousness. Romans 10: 1 -3 I know you are Abraham's descendants. Yet you are ready to kill me, because you have no room for my word. I am telling you what I have seen in the Father's presence, and you do what you have heard from your father. " "Abraham is our father, " they answered. John 8: 37 -39 "Why? What crime has he committed? " asked Pilate. But they shouted all the louder, "Crucify him!" When Pilate saw that he was getting nowhere, but that instead an uproar was starting, he took water and washed his hands in front of the crowd. "I am innocent of this man's blood, " he said. "It is your responsibility!" All the people answered, "Let his blood be on us and on our children!" Then he released Barabbas to them. But he had Jesus flogged, and handed him over to be crucified. Matthew 27: 23 -27

Antisemitism: Growth & Spread of Christianity Common beliefs about Jews expressed by Church Fathers:

Antisemitism: Growth & Spread of Christianity Common beliefs about Jews expressed by Church Fathers: 1) Judaism was degenerate at the time of Jesus 2) Jews were Christ killers 3) Jewish diaspora was God’s punishment 4) Israel had been rejected by God 5) Jews were demonized Origen of Alexandria (185 -ca. 254 AD) We may thus assert in utter confidence that the Jews will not return to their earlier situation, for they have committed the most abominable of crimes, in forming this conspiracy against the saviour of the human race. Constantine, Council of Nicaea (325 AD) It appeared an unworthy thing that in the celebration of this most holy feast [i. e. , Easter] we should follow the practice of the Jews, who have impiously defiled their hands with enormous sin, and are, therefore, deservedly afflicted with blindness of soul… Let us then have nothing in common with the detestable Jewish crowd; for we have received out Saviour a different way.

Antisemitism: Growth & Spread of Christianity Gregory of Nyssa (ca. 335 - after 394

Antisemitism: Growth & Spread of Christianity Gregory of Nyssa (ca. 335 - after 394 AD) [The Jews were] murderers of the Lord, assassins of the prophets, rebels and detesters of God. . . Companions of the devil, race of vipers, informers. . . darkeners of the mind, pharisaic leaven, Sanhedrin of demons, accursed, detested, lapidators, enemies of all that is beautiful. John Chrysostom (347 -407) First Homily Against the Jews [Jews] are dogs, stiff-necked, gluttonous, drunkards. They are beasts unfit for work… fit for killing, for slaughter. There is no difference between theatre and the synagogue…The synagogue is a dwelling of demons…a place of idolatry… Is it not strange that those who worship the Crucified keep common festival with those who crucified him? With those who shouted ‘Crucify him, Crucify him’ and ‘His blood be upon us and upon our children? ’ All Jews are demons and all are guilty. Code of Theodosius II (438) Indeed we believe it sinful that the enemies of the heavenly majesty of the Roman Laws should become the executors of our laws…and that they…should have the power to judge or decide as they wish against Christians, yes, frequently even over bishops of our holy religion themselves, and thus, as it were, insult our faith.

Antisemitism: The Middle Ages Common Beliefs about Jews by the Late Middle Ages: 1)

Antisemitism: The Middle Ages Common Beliefs about Jews by the Late Middle Ages: 1) stubbornness 2) wanderers 3) diabolical magical powers 4) carnality 5) blood libel & ritual child murder 6) host desecration 7) global conspiracy 8) well poisoning 9) parasites The First Crusade (1095 -1099) “the infidels within” We depart to wage war against the enemies of God, while here in our very midst dwell the …murderers of our Redeemer [pogrom in Rouen, France] pogroms in Mainz, Worms, & Trier The Black Death (1347 -1351) “poisoning the wells” Canon Heinrich Truchess: “And, thus, within one year as I have said, all the Jews between Cologne and Austria were burnt. And in Austria they await the same fate for they are accursed of God…

Judensau

Judensau

Antisemitism: The Middle Ages The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) Canon 67 The more the

Antisemitism: The Middle Ages The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) Canon 67 The more the Christians are restrained from the practice of usury, the more are they oppressed in this matter by the treachery of the Jews, so that in a short time they exhaust the resources of the Christians. Wishing, therefore, in this matter to protect the Christians against cruel oppression by the Jews, we ordain in this decree that if in the future under any pretext Jews extort from Christians oppressive and immoderate interest, the partnership of the Christians shall be denied them till they have made suitable satisfaction for their excesses. Canon 68 In some provinces a difference in dress distinguishes the Jews or Saracens from the Christians, but in certain others such a confusion has grown up that they cannot be distinguished by any difference. Thus it happens at times that through error Christians have relations with the women of Jews or Saracens, and Jews and Saracens with Christian women. Therefore, that they may not, under pretext of error of this sort, excuse themselves in the future for the excesses of such prohibited intercourse, we decree that such Jews and Saracens of both sexes in every Christian province and at all times shall be marked off in the eyes of the public from other peoples through the character of their dress.

Antisemitism: Luther & Protestant Reformation Martin Luther, The Jews & Their Lies (1543) I

Antisemitism: Luther & Protestant Reformation Martin Luther, The Jews & Their Lies (1543) I had made up my mind to write no more either about the Jews or against them. But since I learned that these miserable and accursed people do not cease to lure to themselves even us, that is, the Christians, I have published this little book, so that I might be found among those who opposed such poisonous activities of the Jews who warned the Christians to be on their guard against them. I would not have believed that a Christian could be duped by the Jews into taking their exile and wretchedness upon himself. However, the devil is the god of the world, and wherever God's word is absent he has an easy task, not only with the weak but also with the strong. May God help us. Amen. What shall we Christians do with this rejected and condemned people, the Jews? Since they live among us, we dare not tolerate their conduct, now that we are aware of their lying and reviling and blaspheming. If we do, we become sharers in their lies, cursing and blasphemy. Thus we cannot extinguish the unquenchable fire of divine wrath, of which the prophets speak, nor can we convert the Jews. With prayer and the fear of God we must practice a sharp mercy to see whether we might save at least a few from the glowing flames. We dare not avenge ourselves. Vengeance a thousand times worse than we could wish them already has them by the throat. I shall give you my sincere advice: