THE ENLIGTENMENT AND AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1700 1800 Section

THE ENLIGTENMENT AND AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1700 -1800 Section One: Philosophy in the Age of Reason

CHANGING EUROPE • Crusades 1100 -1300 • Black Death 1351 • Renaissance 1300 -1600 • Reformation 1521 -1650 • Scientific Revolution 14001800 • Printing Press

Enlightenment In the 1700’s W. European thinkers began to apply Rationality and Objectivity to Human Society Philosophes = Philosopher

Enlightenment • Salons- places where the nobility had parties w/ the Philosophers • Paris was the center of early Enlightenment ideas

Enlightenment Concepts • Rationality • Freedom of Thought • Natural Law • Human Society could and should improve

Enlightenment Economics • Physiocrats reject mercantilism • Laissez faire • Adam Smith- The Wealth of Nations

Society/Arts • Natural Law • Deism= God is Nature • Freedom of Religion • Voltaire & Freedom of Speech, religion, reason, tolerance

Political Enlightenment Thomas Hobbes-social contract • Human life was “nasty, brutish, & short” • Leviathan

John Locke • Social Contract • Government is a deal • All governments should provide “Life, Liberty, and Property” • Bad government should be overthrown

Montesquieu-Spirit of the Law Separation of Powers » Legislature- makes laws » Executive- enforces laws » Judiciary-judges laws Checks and Balances

Jean Jacques Rousseau • Civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness • Governments should rule by General Will • Democracy • All men are created equal

Denis Diderot » Amass the world’ knowledge » Encyclopedia

Adam Smith • Laissez-Faire economics • Capitalism • Supply and demand • The Wealth of Nations

Mary Wollstonecraft Women’s Equality- A Vindication of the Rights of Women