The Enlightenment What is the Enlightenment A new

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The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment

What is the Enlightenment? A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and

What is the Enlightenment? A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems.

Enlightenment Thinkers Thomas Hobbes – 1588 -1679 – English philosopher – Social Contract •

Enlightenment Thinkers Thomas Hobbes – 1588 -1679 – English philosopher – Social Contract • Wrote book Leviathan. Without Gov. humans live in a “state of nature” • People must have a strong king to control their worst instincts and that people must give that king certain freedoms in exchange for order. • He called this exchange of freedom for order a SOCIAL CONTRACT

Enlightenment Thinkers John Locke – 1632 -1704 – English philosopher • Each individual possesses

Enlightenment Thinkers John Locke – 1632 -1704 – English philosopher • Each individual possesses inalienable rights. • Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, and Property • Governments are created to protect these rights • When governments fail to protect the people’s natural rights, people can overthrow them and establish new governments that will.

Enlightenment Thinkers Montesquieu – 1689 -1755 – French philosopher – Separation of Powers •

Enlightenment Thinkers Montesquieu – 1689 -1755 – French philosopher – Separation of Powers • Said all governments should separate power between different branches. • Each branch should limit the power of the others. This is known as checks and balances.

Enlightenment Thinkers Jean Jacques Rousseau – 1712 -1778 – French Thinker – Social Contract

Enlightenment Thinkers Jean Jacques Rousseau – 1712 -1778 – French Thinker – Social Contract • Believed in Social Contract • Said that when man chooses to live among others, he must occasionally follow the “general will” or let the majority rule. • This idea of letting the people control the decisions is called Popular Sovereignty

Voltaire • Fought for – Tolerance – Reason – Religious freedom – Freedom of

Voltaire • Fought for – Tolerance – Reason – Religious freedom – Freedom of speech • “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it”

Mary Wollstonecraft • Published a A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792

Mary Wollstonecraft • Published a A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792 • Women need education • Urged women to ender male dominated professions like medicine and politics

Importance of Enlightenment • Rise of Individualism – Looked to themselves for guidance •

Importance of Enlightenment • Rise of Individualism – Looked to themselves for guidance • Use own ability to reason • Government should support the people • Led to future revolutions

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