The Enlightenment Thinkers CREATING FLASHCARDS Using two sheets

The Enlightenment Thinkers

CREATING FLASHCARDS Using two sheets of paper, fold into quarters Cut along the lines so you have 8 total blank flashcards You will only need 6 cards, so you can keep the extra 2 or give them to others Number the cards 1 -6; On card #1, write your name and period in the bottom left corner At the top of #1, write “Enlightenment Thinkers Flashcards, ” then write the definition On card #2 -6, write the info on one side only!

THE ENLIGHTENMENT WHAT DOES IT MEAN? A philosophical movement in Europe starting in the 1700 s. It promoted the belief that a person could use scientific thinking and natural law to both study and change society. WHERE DID IT COME FROM? In the 1500 s and 1600 s in Europe, scientists began explaining planetary motion and the laws of physics. This created the foundation for the scientific method and modern science. This era is known as the Scientific Revolution.

THE KEY TO ENLIGHTENMENT THINKING IS THE BELIEF IN NATURAL LAW Natural law are rules that are discovered through the use of reason. Using reason means one will gather evidence/facts and reach a conclusion. (For example, the laws of gravity). During the Enlightenment, philosophers used natural law to define human behavior, not just for scientific discoveries

NOTE-TAKING TEMPLATE: For each of the 5 cards, fill in the info on one side NAME OF ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER WRITING: BELIEFS: QUOTE: BORN:

THOMAS HOBBES WRITING: THE LEVIATHAN BORN: England 1588 BELIEFS • All people should give up rights to king/queen to protect others and ensure peace • Democracy would never work • DKASFJ People are naturally wicked and selfish • Absolute monarchy is the best government • Governments are created to protect people from their own selfishness and evil QUOTE “Humans are driven by a perpetual and restless desire for power that ceases only in death. ”

JOHN LOCKE WRITING: Two Treatises On Civil Government BORN: Bristol, England 1632 BELIEFS • People have the natural ability to govern themselves • Gov’t should operate w/ the consent of the people • DKASFJ Gov’ts are formed to protect the right to life, freedom, and property • People have the right to rebel and form new gov’t • Rejected the idea of divine right QUOTE “The natural liberty of man is to be free from any superior power on earth, and not to be under the will or legislative authority of man, but only have the law of nature for his rule. ”

BARON DE MONTESQUIEU WRITING: Persian Letters and On the Spirit of Laws BORN: Bordeaux, France 1689 BELIEFS • Best gov’t has power balanced b/t 3 branches • Citizens should put public interests above those of themselves • Approved of slavery DKASFJ • Monarchy w/ limited powers makes countries stable and secure • gov’t Greed corruption withand all the power occur in branch of QUOTE “When the law-making and lawenforcing powers are united in the same person. . . there can be no liberty. ”

JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU WRITING: The Social Contract BORN: Geneva, Switzerland 1712 BELIEFS • People are born good, independent and compassionate • People will naturally live happily and peacefully if left to govern themselves • DKASFJ A few people have power over many others in a modern country • say Gov’ts should exist where people have direct in how their society is governed • freedoms Direct Democracy preserves people’s QUOTE “Man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains. ”

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT WRITING: Vindication of the Rights of Women BORN: London, England 1759 BELIEFS • All people are equal and all people possess natural right to choose his/her own destiny • Opposed to monarchy • Education needed to perfect human nature DKASFJ • All of society would benefit from equality of men and women • Every person could be his or her own master QUOTE “Society will not be whole until the last king is strangled with the guts of the last priest. ”

EXTRA CREDIT: COMPLETING THE CARDS Be sure you have filled in all the info from the slides on one side only On the blank side, you are going to draw a visual representation of one of the ideas of each thinker You need to be thorough and use the entire side of the card; you must use color! You will earn 1 extra credit pt per card, due when cards turned in- end of unit

BARON DE MONTESQUIEU WRITING: Persian Letters and On the Spirit of Laws BORN: Bordeaux, France 1689 BELIEFS • Best gov’t has power balanced b/t 3 branches • Citizens should put public interests above those of themselves • Approved of slavery • Monarchy w/ limited powers makes countries stable and secure • power Greed and corruption occur in branch of gov’t with all the DKASFJ QUOTE “When the law-making and law-enforcing powers are united in the same person. . . there can be no liberty. ”