The Enlightenment Spreads Chapter 6 3 Goals and

The Enlightenment Spreads Chapter 6 -3

Goals and Objectives • Upon completion students should be able to: 1) Explain how Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe. 2) Describe changes in art, music and literature during the Enlightenment. 3) Show the Enlightenment ideas reformed European monarchies.

New ideas • Enlightenment ideas spread through the Western world and profoundly influence the arts and government

A World of Ideas • Paris becomes center of Enlightenment during 1700’s • City is home to salons – gathering where thinkers discuss ideas

Diderot’s Encyclopedia • Denis Diderot begins publishing his work in 1751 • Encyclopedia is a set of books in which thinkers contributed essays

• Angers French government and the Catholic church • Helps spread ideas of the Enlightenment

New Artistic Ideas • Neoclassical Ideas – styles based on Greek/Roman ideas • Pre-Enlightenment art style was baroque – grand, ornate design

• Classical music emerges – lighter, more elegant than earlier style • Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven

• Novel emerges works of fiction with detailed plots and characters

Enlightenment Despots • Enlightenment Despots – monarchs who embrace enlightenment values to strengthen their rule

Frederick the Great • Frederick II, King of Prussia, reforms education and justice system • Grants religious freedom, abolishes torture, fails to end serfdom

Joseph II • Joseph II of Austria allows freedom of worship and press • Abolishes serfdom, but the practice is reinstated after his death

Catherine the Great • Enlightenment ruler of Russia, 1762 – 1796 • Seeks to abolish capital punishment and torture, but effort fails

• Responds to peasant revolt by giving more power to the nobles over serfs

• Successfully expands Russian Empire • Gains port access for Russia by capturing northern coast of the Black Sea

• Seizes large parts of Poland, increasing empire’s size