The Enlightenment Scientific Revolution Cy Ranch World History

The Enlightenment & Scientific Revolution Cy- Ranch World History

The Scientific Revolution In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms: Scientific Revolution Scientific Method Galileo Galilei Sir Isaac Newton Cy- Ranch World History

The Scientific Revolution began during the Renaissance and continued through the 17 th and 18 th centuries. Cy- Ranch World History

The Scientific Revolution It was a movement that rejected traditional authority and church teachings in favor of scientific reasoning. A new scientific method was developed. Cy- Ranch World History

Like Galileo and his telescope, scientists began to look and to prove truths. Cy- Ranch World History

The Scientific Method The scientific method is a process whereby scientists observe nature and make hypotheses (educated guesses). Scientists then test their hypotheses through experiments. A scientist must prove his hypothesis or he cannot claim it is true. Cy- Ranch World History

For the scientist, seeing is believing. This is a heliocentric model. The sun is the center of the solar system. Cy- Ranch World History

Galileo Galilei Galileo was an Italian scientist. He supported Copernicus believed that the planets traveled around the sun. Galileo Cy- Ranch World History built a telescope to prove it.

Officials of the Roman Catholic Church were furious with Galileo. They supported a geocentric view or the belief that the planets revolved around the Earth. Cy- Ranch World History

Sir Isaac Newton was the most influential scientist of the Scientific Revolution. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity. Gravity explains the movement of the planets and how objects fall on the earth. Cy- Ranch World History

Sir Isaac Newton’s discovery raised hopes that the entire universe acted according to certain fixed and fundamental laws. Cy- Ranch World History

If the universe was like a mechanical clock, it could be studied and observed and its workings figured out. Cy- Ranch World History

Scientists wanted to know why it rained not simply that God willed it to rain. Cy- Ranch World History

Questions for Reflection: What was the Scientific Revolution? Why did scientists during the Scientific Revolution sometimes come into conflict with Church officials? Describe the scientific method. Who was Galileo Galilei and what did he believe? Why did Sir Isaac Newton’s discovery of gravity raise scientists’ hopes? Cy- Ranch World History

The Enlightenment In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms: The Enlightenment Voltaire Adam Smith Catherine the Great Cy- Ranch World History

The Enlightenment was an important movement in Europe during the 18 th century. Cy- Ranch World History

Enlightenment Thinkers Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the Scientific Revolution. They believed that by applying reason and scientific laws, people could better understand both nature and society. They believed that scientific reasoning could be applied to society. Cy- Ranch World History

Enlightenment thinkers wanted to make the world a better place. Cy- Ranch World History

Improving Society Enlightenment thinkers frequently questioned the power of the Roman Catholic Church as well as divine right. Enlightenment ideas were adopted in the American Declaration of Independence. Cy- Ranch World History

Voltaire was a French philosopher. He strongly supported freedom of religion and the right to a fair trial. Cy- Ranch World History

Voltaire Fought for tolerance and reason Believed in freedom of religion and freedom of speech Humanity’s worst enemies are intolerance, prejudice, and superstition

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that government should express the will of the people. Cy- Ranch World History

Jean Jacques Rousseau Good government is one where the people form the government and guide it together Direct Democracy One gives up some freedoms for the common good Social Contract Consent of the governed All people equal (no titles)

John Locke Believed people could learn from experience and improve themselves People were able to govern themselves All people are born free and equal with three natural rights: Life, Liberty, and Property Government If is supposed to protect these rights not, overthrow government

Baron de Montesquieu Studied Rome- collapse due to loss of political liberties Division of power in government between different groups of people is good Separation of Powers

Cesare Beccaria Justice System Laws existed to preserve social order Speedy trial Punishment should fit the crime Capital punishment should be abolished

Adam Smith was a Scottish philosopher. He observed changes occurring in the marketplace. He discovered the rules of the free market. Cy- Ranch World History

In a free market, individuals are free to buy and sell. The government does not intervene. Competition and self-interest ensure the goods people need at fair prices. Cy- Ranch World History

Cy- Ranch World History Like scientists, Enlightenment thinkers carefully observed society and looked for principles best suited for its functioning.

Cy- Ranch World History Even some monarchs, like Russia’s Catherine the Great, tried to apply Enlightenment ideas to improve society.

However, Catherine would not part with any of her absolute power. Cy- Ranch World History

Video summarizing The Enlightenment

Questions for Reflection: How did the Scientific Revolution influence the Enlightenment? What were the goals of Enlightenment thinkers? Who was Voltaire and what did he believe? Describe Adam Smith’s observations of the free market. What aspect of the Enlightenment did Catherine the Great not accept? Cy- Ranch World History