The English Renaissance The Tudors and James I

The English Renaissance The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature Marina Spiazzi, Marina Tavella, Margaret Layton © 2012

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 1. The Tudor Dynasty • • • Performer - Culture & Literature Henry VII (1485 -1509) Henry VIII (1509 -1547) Mary I (1547 -1553) Edward VI (1553 -1558) Elizabeth I (1558 -1603)

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 2. Henry VII (1485 -1509) • • • Came to the English throne when the Wars of the Roses ended. Had to deal with frequent conspiracies. Tried to consolidate his position through: - a treaty with France, giving him recognition; a trade treaty with the Netherlands; the dynastic marriage, in 1501, between his son Arthur and the Spanish princess, Catherine of Aragon. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 2. Henry VII (1485 -1509) • Strengthened the monarchy and turned England into a modern State. • Aimed at increasing and reinforcing England’s trading position. • Laid the foundations of English naval power by increased spending on shipbuilding England had its own merchant fleet and extended its military power. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 3. Henry VIII (1509 -1547) • • Henry VII’s second son. A natural sportsman, popular both with the English elite and the English public. • Called the ‘Golden Prince’ both for his natural good looks and his chivalry and education. • Granted the title of ‘Defender of the Faith’ by the Pope in 1521 for his Latin treatise defending the sacraments. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 3. Henry VIII (1509 -1547) • Married Catherine of Aragon who bore him a daughter, Mary. • Asked the Pope for a divorce to marry his pregnant mistress Anne Boleyn. • Broke with Rome when the Pope refused and declared himself ‘Supreme Head of the Church of England’ with the Act of Supremacy (1534). • Dissolved the monasteries, taking their wealth. • Ireland remained a Catholic country. Beginning of the Irish question. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 3. Henry VIII (1509 -1547) • Anne Boleyn gave him a second daughter, Elizabeth. • She was tried and executed for treason in 1536. • Henry went on to have four more wives and one son, Edward, later Edward VI, from Jane Seymour. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 4. Edward VI (1547 -1553) • The son of Jane Seymour and Henry VIII. • Made Protestant doctrine more fully accepted. • Used some of the confiscated wealth of convents to build schools. • Replaced the old Latin with The Book of Common Prayer in English. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 5. Mary I (1547 -1553) • The daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. • • Refused to abandon the Catholic faith. Tried to restore England to papal obedience. • Married the Catholic Philip of Spain. • The burning of Protestants earned her the nickname ‘Bloody Mary’ and alienated public opinion. • Died without an heir. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 6. Elizabeth I (1558 -1603) • • Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn’s daughter. Became queen of a divided nation, the majority of which was anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish. • She was twenty-five and had a strong personality, a lively intelligence and a passionate character. • She had received an excellent education: she could speak French, Latin and Italian. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 6. Elizabeth I (1558 -1603) • Her Church of England restored the country firmly to Protestantism, yet she granted Catholics freedom of worship. • Was unmarried and used this as a political weapon. • Said that ‘the Queen was married to her people’ and became the ‘Virgin Queen’. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 6. Elizabeth I (1558 -1603) • Went on royal progresses to be seen and to get to know her people. • Inspired literature, music, drama and poetry. • Recognised Spain as her main trade rival and enemy. • Expanded exploration and overseas trade. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 6. Elizabeth I (1558 -1603) • Encouraged sea-captains Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh in their piracy against Spanish ships and took a share of the profits. • • Defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588. Laid the basis of England’s empire chartering seven companies – including the East India Company – to colonise in the name of trade. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 7. James I (1603 -1625) • • Elizabeth died in 1603 without heirs. James VI of Scotland became the first Stuart king in England with the title of James I. • • Was a Protestant. Based his rule on theory of the ‘divine right of kings’. • • • Summoned Parliament only to ask for money. Interested in witchcraft. In his treatise Daemonologie (1597) he declared his belief in black magic. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 8. James I and the Puritans • • Religion was the most urgent problem of his reign. Catholics barred from public life and fined if they refused to attend the Church of England. • Extreme Protestants, called Puritans, disapproved of the rites and bishops of the Church of England. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 8. James I and the Puritans • • Puritans had a high sense of duty and morality A hundred of them – the Pilgrim Fathers – applied for a government patent to colonise New England • In 1620 they left England for America on the Mayflower and founded New Plymouth. Performer - Culture & Literature

The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I 8. The Gunpowder Plot • James I authorised a new translation of the Bible in 1604. • In 1605 some radical Catholics plotted to blow up the king in the Houses of Parliament. • The failure of the Gunpowder Plot is commemorated in England on 5 th November. Children have fireworks and burn effigies of Guy Fawkes, one of the conspirators, on large fires. Performer - Culture & Literature