The English Reformation King Henry VIII n What

The English Reformation

King Henry VIII n What role did Henry VIII play in the Protestant Reformation? n He made England a Protestant country to fulfill his own agenda; not for religious reasons!

Henry VIII B. 1491 – D. 1547 n Tudor Dynasty – Henry VIII – Edward VI – Lady Jane Grey – Mary I – Elizabeth I n Became king in 1509; 18 yrs old n His brother Arthur died in 1502 at age 15 n Arthur had been married to the Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon

Catherine of Aragon n Daughter of King Ferdinand Queen Isabella of Spain n Married Henry VIII in 1509; what about Arthur? n 20 year marriage n Suffered 4 miscarriages and several stillbirths n Only 1 child lives-Mary (b. 1516)

“The King’s Great Matter” n Henry VIII wanted a male heir; Catherine was not able to have any more children n Why not just get a divorce? n Henry asked for an annulment based on Catherine’s marriage to Arthur. (Leviticus) n The pope refused to grant it. Why? The Holy Roman Emperor was Charles V…Catherine’s nephew.

“The King’s Great Matter” n Affair – Anne Boleyn n 1529 – Henry VIII calls Parliament into session; they passed laws ending the pope’s power in England. n 1534 – Act of Supremacy – Made Henry VIII the head of the Church of England (Anglican Church). n Irony: Henry VIII had earned the title “Defender of the Faith” from the pope.

Anne Boleyn n Anne becomes pregnant with Henry’s child (1532) n But…he’s still married to Catherine. n Parliament legalizes his divorce in 1533.

Anne Boleyn n 1533 - H 8 marries Anne Boleyn and she gives birth to their child – Another girl: Elizabeth – Anne suffers 2 miscarriages n Anne Boleyn is accused of adultery; imprisoned and later beheaded by sword in 1536. The charges against her were false!

Tower of London

Dissolution of the Monasteries n 1536 -1539: H 8 closed all English monasteries and seized wealth and land. n Catholic Church owned 20% of all land in England. n Greatly increased Henry’s wealth. n Led to massive poverty among monks and nuns.

MAIN IDEA: n Even though Henry VIII makes England Protestant, it’s only for political and personal reasons, not religious ones. n Doesn’t actually change any church practices or doctrines.

Jane Seymour n Henry married Jane Seymour 10 days after Anne’s execution. n She gave birth to his only son, Prince Edward in 1537, but died 12 days later. n Henry wanted more sons as insurance.

Anne of Cleves n Married Henry in 1540. n “Flanders mare” n Brief marriage was annulled. n Why? Many reasons (political, no chemistry, new “love”)

Catherine Howard n Married Henry in 1540. She was Catholic. n He was 49; she was 19. n She had affairs; was beheaded in 1542.

Katherine Parr n Married Henry in 1543. She was Protestant n She was a widow; she outlived Henry and remarried after his death. Died in childbirth n Kind stepmother. Compared to other wives.

How the English Reformation is different: n http: //www. biography n http: //www. youtube. c. com/people/queenom/watch? v=elizabeth-ifad. CAHj. N-s 9286133/videos/elizab eth-i-englishn Not so serious reformation 17741891869 n Serious

King Edward VI n When H 8 died in 1547, his only son became king. n Edward was only 9. n Govt. was run by Protestant advisors. n Died in 1553 at the age of 15. (TB) n His advisors picked his cousin, Jane Grey to succeed him. The “ 9 days queen” executed by Mary.

9 Day Queen n http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=UX 6 p. U DBA 2 Jw

Queen Mary I n R. 1553 -1558 n Known in history as “Bloody Mary” n Repealed everything Protestant. n Turned England back to Catholicism. n Passed Heresy Actkilled 300 Protestants during her reign.

Mary and Philip II n n n n Married Philip in 1554. She was 38; he was 27 One-sided love/attraction Marriage was protested by many in England who didn’t want their country to simply become a satellite territory of Spain. Suffered a “phantom pregnancy” in 1555. Imprisoned Elizabeth but would not sign her death warrant. Throne passes to Elizabeth in 1558. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=it. HVWrhs. RSc& list=PL 27 A 94 D 6 D 1 C 42 B 984&index=3

Queen Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I (1558 -1603) n Glorified as strongest female monarch in England’s history. n “Good Queen Bess” n Known for being tolerant and moderate in religious issues. n Reestablished Protestantism, but not too strict. n Her changes lasted-The Church of England (Anglican Church) is still in place today with the same policies she established.

n Elizabeth I was 25 when crowned Queen. n Immediately pressured by her Council to marry and produce an heir. n She never does…the Tudor dynasty ends and the Stuart dynasty begins with her death in 1603. – Why not? n The Virgin Queen? n Greatest accomplishments: Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588; England’s Golden