THE ENGLISH REFORMATION Henry VIII r 1509 1547

THE ENGLISH REFORMATION

Henry VIII (r. 1509 -1547) Defense of the Seven Sacraments � Condemnation of Lutheranism � Earns title “Defender of the Faith”

Catherine of Aragon Henry’s 1 st Wife Produces 1 surviving child, Mary � No male heir Henry wants an annulment (divorce)

Pope Clement VII Refuses to grant divorce to Henry � Pope held captive by Catherine’s nephew HRE Charles V

Thomas Cranmer Convinces Henry that he could get the divorce if he broke from Rome (1533)

The Church of England Created 1533 (alt. called The Anglican Church) Act of Supremacy (1534) � Makes English monarch head of the English church Henry able to sell church lands for profit (25%) � Doubles royal income � Gains loyalty from southern nobles who buy the land � Monasteries closed down Act of Succession (1534) � Requires Church oath of loyalty to King as head of Anglican

The Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) Popular uprising against the break with Rome

Anne Boleyn 2 Wife � Gives birth to daughter, Elizabeth Executed for treason

Jane Seymour Henry’s 3 rd Wife � Gives birth to a son, Edward � Dies from complications

Anne of Cleves Henry’s 4 th Wife Divorced for being ugly

Catherine Howard 5 th wife Beheaded for treason

Catherine Parr 6 th wife Survives him in death

Edward VI (r. 1547 -1553) Takes throne at 9 Years old Moves Church of England towards Protestantism � Faith Alone � Denial of transubstantiation � Only 2 sacraments

Lady Jane Grey (9 Days) Willed the throne by Edward VI Afraid of Catholic Mary Tudor

Mary I (r. 1553 -1558) Strongly Catholic Moves church back towards Catholicism Marries Philip II of Spain Executes over 300 protestant leaders

Elizabeth the Ginger (r. 1558 -1603) Mildly Protestant A “politique”- practical politics and bananas! decisions favor peace and order Elizabethan Settlement � Seeks “Middle Ground” � Requires public conformity to the English Church, no regulation of private religion � Close to Lutheranism � Some Catholic practices