The English Reformation Henry VIII B 1491 D

The English Reformation

Henry VIII B. 1491 – D. 1547 �Tudor Dynasty �Henry VIII �Edward VI �Lady Jane Grey �Mary I �Elizabeth I �Became king in 1509; 18 yrs old �His brother Arthur died in 1502 at age 15 �Arthur had been married to the Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon

King Henry VIII �What role did Henry VIII play in the Protestant Reformation? �He made England a Protestant country to fulfill his own agenda; not for religious reasons!

Catherine of Aragon �Daughter of King Ferdinand Queen Isabella of Spain �Married Henry VIII in 1509; what about Arthur? � 20 year marriage �Suffered 4 miscarriages and several stillbirths �Only 1 child lives-Mary (b. 1516)

“The King’s Great Matter” �Henry VIII wanted a male heir; Catherine was not able to have any more children �Why not just get a divorce? �Henry asked for an annulment based on Catherine’s marriage to Arthur. (Leviticus) �The pope refused to grant it. Why? The Holy Roman Emperor was Charles V…Catherine’s nephew.

“The King’s Great Matter” �Affair – Anne Boleyn � 1529 – Henry VIII calls Parliament into session; they passed laws ending the pope’s power in England. � 1534 – Act of Supremacy �Made Henry VIII the head of the Church of England (Anglican Church). �Irony: Henry VIII had earned the title “Defender of the Faith” from the pope.

Anne Boleyn �Anne becomes pregnant with Henry’s child (1532) �But…he’s still married to Catherine. �Parliament legalizes his divorce in 1533.

Anne Boleyn � 1533 - H 8 marries Anne Boleyn and she gives birth to their child �Another girl: Elizabeth �Anne suffers 2 miscarriages �Anne Boleyn is accused of adultery; imprisoned and later beheaded by sword in 1536. The charges against her were false!

Tower of London

Dissolution of the Monasteries � 1536 -1539: H 8 closed all English monasteries and seized wealth and land. �Catholic Church owned 20% of all land in England. �Greatly increased Henry’s wealth. �Led to massive poverty among monks and nuns.

MAIN IDEA: �Even though Henry VIII makes England Protestant, it’s only for political and personal reasons, not religious ones. �Doesn’t actually change any church practices or doctrines.

Jane Seymour �Henry married Jane Seymour 10 days after Anne’s execution. �She gave birth to his only son, Prince Edward in 1537, but died 12 days later. �Henry wanted more sons as insurance.

Anne of Cleves �Married Henry in 1540. �“Flanders mare” �Brief marriage was annulled. �Why? No chemistry.

Katherine Howard �Married Henry in 1540. �He was 49; she was 19. �She had affairs; was beheaded in 1542.

Katherine Parr �Married Henry in 1543. �She was a widow; she outlived Henry and remarried after his death. �Kind stepmother. Compared to his 1 st wife.

King Edward VI �When H 8 died in 1547, his only son became king. �Edward was only 9. �Govt. was run by Protestant advisors. �Died in 1553 at the age of 15. (TB) �His advisors picked his cousin, Jane Grey to succeed him. The “ 9 days queen”

Queen Mary I �R. 1553 -1558 �Known in history as “Bloody Mary” �Repealed everything Protestant. �Turned England back to Catholicism. �Passed Heresy Act-killed 300 Protestants during her reign.

Queen Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I (1558 -1603) �Glorified as strongest female monarch in England’s history. �“Good Queen Bess” �Known for being tolerant and moderate in religious issues. �Reestablished Protestantism, but not too strict. �Her changes lasted-The Church of England (Anglican Church) is still in place today with the same policies she established.