The English Language Section A The Origins of

The English Language

Section A: The Origins of English

Review: What language family and language branch is English a part of?

The Origins of the English Language

Germanic Tribes Where did English come from? Latin Old Norse Norman French Celtic Tribes English

Old English Middle English Modern English • 450 CE-1100 CE • 1100 CE – 1470 -CE • 1470 CE – 1650 CE

The Lord’s Prayer in Old English Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum; Si þin nama gehalgod to becume þin rice gewurþe ðin willa on eorðan swa on heofonum. urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg and forgyf us ure gyltas swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele soþlice

The Lord’s Prayer in Middle English Oure fadir that art in heuenes, halewid be thi name; thi kyndoom come to; be thi wille don in erthe as in heuene: gyue to us this dai oure breed ouer othir substaunce; and forgyue to us oure dettis, as we forgyuen to oure gettouris; and lede us not in to temptacioun, but delyuere us fro yuel.

Section B: The Diffusion of English

Map of Great Britain and its Colonies

Connect: What types of diffusion may explain the movement of English from place to place. Explain.

Britain The Diffusion of English British Colonies United States Annexes (Philippines)

SKIP 5: 27

Hypothesize: Does English sound the same wherever it is spoken?

The English Language: Dialects

What is a dialect?

A dialect is a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

Section C: American English

Differences between British and American English Vocabulary • Different because settlers in America encountered new objects, animals, etcetera. • New animals, for example, were given Native American Names. • As new inventions appeared they received different names. Spelling • Spelling diverged from a strong national American Identity. • Webster, an American dictionary publisher had an American agenda Pronunciation • Largely explained by distance and time.

Engage: How does the English language differ within the United States?

What is an isogloss?

An isogloss is a geographic boundary line delimiting the area in which a given linguistic feature occurs.

Isoglosses in the United States

Northern East Coast Isoglosses Southern Midlands

Predict: How has Mass Media and the Internet affected the English language?

Section D: English as a Global Lingua Franca

What is a Lingua Franca?

A Lingua Franca is a language systematically used to make communication possible between people not sharing an original language.

Predict: What systems of communication are largely dominated by English?

The Internet Systems that Use English Global Commerce ESL

Countries with English as their official or dominant language.

Many areas do not learn full English but a Pidgin.

What is a pidgin?

A Pidgin is a simplified version of a language.

Debate: Would text-speak be considered a Pidgin?

A pidgin that becomes the major language of a people is called a creole language.

Section D: Toponymy

What is toponymy?

Toponymy is the study of place names. It can often show us historical concepts long after the event has happened or person has died.

Toponyms can show us: • The History of a Place – Colonization • Most Brazilian Toponyms are Portuguese • French Toponyms in Louisiana • The Culture of a People – George Washington Bridge, – Martin Luther King Blvd, – Jacksonville, Florida

Descriptive Toponyms - The Rocky Mountains

Associative Toponyms - Pensacola Beach, Florida

Commemorative Toponyms - New York City, New York

Manufactured Toponyms - Truth and Consequences, New Mexico

Incident Toponyms - Battle Creek, Michigan

Possessive Toponyms - Johnson City, Texas