The English Civil War HENRY VIII Henry VIII

The English Civil War

HENRY VIII • Henry VIII creates the Church of England (WHY? ) with Parliament’s help • Henry VIII is married 6 times (has 3 surviving children - Mary, Elizabeth, Edward) • Upon his death, Edward takes the throne (very Protestant!)

• After Edward dies, Mary becomes queen of England (very Catholic!) • Mary dies without an heir; Elizabeth (Protestant) becomes queen

Queen Elizabeth I • Makes England a Protestant country • Solidifies to Scotland & Ireland • Made England one of the most powerful nations in Europe

England’s Religious Rollercoaster! Henry VIII - Catholic Henry VIII- Protestant Edward VI Protestant Queen Mary-Catholic Elizabeth I- Protestant

Queen Elizabeth I • Makes England a Protestant country • Solidifies to Scotland & Ireland • Made England one of the most powerful nations in Europe

James I • When Elizabeth dies, the Tudor Dynasty ends (why? ) • James (VI) I of Scotland (her cousin) becomes king; begins the Stuart Dynasty • Trouble ahead…. Pretty cool that I’m James VI of Scotland AND James I of England!

James I • Trouble started when James I took the throne after Elizabeth died • Believed he had divine right • His greatest weakness: – always asking Parliament for money to fund his extravagant lifestyle ; What is Parliament? • Parliament and the people were not always happy with his foreign policy

James I & Religion • James was head of church and state • The Puritans felt there was still too much Catholic influence in the Church of England wanted to “purify” it • James refused reforms except for new translation of bible • James felt criticism of the church meant you were not a loyal subject and you should leave

Charles I (1625 -1649)

Charles I & Abuse of Power • Charles I, Son of James, he also believed in divine right, opposed Puritans and married a Catholic • Repeatedly asked Parliament for money • When a request for money was denied he: • Put areas under martial law • Dissolved Parliament • Quartered troops in private homes

Charles I & Abuse of Power • Parliament got fed up and the next time the king asked for money, they made him sign the Petition of Right • Said the King WILL NOT: • • • Imprison unlawfully House troops in private homes Pass taxes without Parliament’s approval • Charles signed it to get his money…but then ignored it & dissolved Parliament again! • Ruled for 11 years as an absolute ruler!

Charles I & Religion • Charles persecuted Puritans • Thousands of Puritans went on to seek religious freedom in the American colonies • Charles further angered Scotland when he tried to force Anglican prayer on them • They were prepared to defend their freedom…

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR The English Civil War

Beginnings of War • The Scots invaded England the Irish rebelled over the practice of land grants • Charles was in desperate need of money • He was forced to call Parliament back and they were determined to limit his power • Charles refused to agree to their demands and both sides prepared for war!

English Civil War • Cavaliers - those who supported Charles I; nobles and landowners from north • Roundheads - supporters of Parliament and Puritans; came from south • Roundheads were led by • Oliver Cromwell • 4 yrs of conflict • Parliament won and Charles was executed

The Beheading of Charles I

Oliver Cromwell Rules • After Charles I was executed the Monarchy & the House of Lords were abolished • Oliver Cromwell was made Lord Protector of England • Cromwell placed England under military rule…

Oliver Cromwell Rules • Crushed the Irish rebellion • Strict morality – abolished theater, sporting events, drinking, dancing, & even Christmas celebrations! • When he died, people wanted a change & restored the monarch under Charles II

Representative gov’t and individual rights would be a main focus and no more absolute monarchies would reign!!!

Horrible Histories • English Civil War Song • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Tl 0 LL 6 y WGRU • English Civil War News Report • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 Fy. Qn. E Dt 7 e. A