The Enforcement Function Week FourFive Officer Safety n

The Enforcement Function Week Four/Five

Officer Safety n n n Momentarily Dangerous Limited reaction time Generally, limited to resources at hand Basic skills are the most important Skills are perishable

Basic Skills are Critical n n n Momentarily Dangerous Limited reaction time Generally, limited to resources at hand Basic skills are the most important Skills are perishable

Limited Resoucrs n n n Momentarily Dangerous Limited reaction time Generally, limited to resources at hand Basic skills are the most important Skills are perishable

Skills are Perishable

Deployment n Beats are an area n Deployment is number of officers assigned to area during a specific time.

Methods of Deployment n n Intuitive Workload n n n Calls for Service Crimes Traffic Accidents

Queuing Theory n Acceptable levels of service: n 7 Minutes, 40%

Police Discretion n B. Should I intervene n C. If I intervene, what do I do?

Bob the Drunk

Street level versus screen level

Criminal Investigations n n n All evidence is either is witness testimony. Therefore, investigations rely on good witnesses. Investigators are attempting to locate evidence: n n n that a crime occurred (Corpus Delicti) on the method used by the offender (Modus Operandi) Link the offender to the victim Link a person (victim, witness and offender) to a crime scene Supports or disproves a statement Identifies an individual

Forensics n A BROAD term, defined as the science and practice of examining physical evidence and applying the physical properties of that evidence to the resolution of legal issues, particularly identifying the commission, natures, and perpetrators of crimes.

Forensics n The word forensic comes from the Latin "forensis" - which means to debate. The word forensic then came to mean anything associated with a court proceeding, (since a lot of debate happens there). Forensic in front of any other discipline means the application of that discipline to a legal proceeding. Forensic science is the application of science to some court proceeding.

Criminalistics n One branch of forensic science that deals with the study of evidence of a crime

SO Forensics is the presentation of scientific evidence during a legal proceeding whereas criminalistics is the study of the evidence of a crime. Or Forensics would be the receiving evidence and giving an un bias conclusion of your findings. Where i see criminalistics as being the use of these findings with the combination of other evidence to put together a case.

n Forensic Psychologists and Psychiatrists n n Forensic psychologists or psychiatrists may be called on to evaluate a murder scene to suggest a possible psychological profile of the killer. The FBI has done much work in developing such profiles of serial killers and will often send one of its experts to assist the local police. Fingerprint Experts n Dactyloscopy, the scientific study of fingerprints, was first developed nearly a hundred years ago to identify convicts. When law enforcers realized that fingerprints are also left behind on all manner of surfaces, the use was extended to catching criminals as well. With some recent additions to the original bag of tricks, dactyloscopy is still an important weapon in the crime stopper's arsenal.

n Crime Scene Photographers n n A crime scene must be photographed from every angle to clearly show every detail, with emphasis on accurately recording the size and distance of objects. The crime scene photographer, whose work often involves the use of specialized cameras and film, may also be trained in fingerprint lifting and analysis, and may be called the Identification Officer or Identification Technician. Forensic Pathologists n Forensic pathologists, employed by the office of the medical examiner, determine the time and cause of death in cases of suspected homicide or suicide. The medical examiner's office is also often responsible for local public health issues such as investigating suspected cases of plague or other highly dangerous infectious diseases.

n Forensic Serologists n n Forensic serology is the study of blood groups, blood, and other bodily fluids for identification purposes following a crime. Forensic serologists are also on the forefront of the new techniques of DNA fingerprinting, which offer the possibility of positive identification of an individual by any available body cells. Forensic Dentists and Odontologists n Forensic dentists or odontologists examine the teeth of corpses for identification purposes or make casts of human bite marks in foods sometimes in people - to match the bite with the biter.

n Ballistics Experts n n Forensic Chemists n n From the Roman ballista, a sort of heavy-duty slingshot, ballistics began as the study of the flight paths of projectiles. By extension, ballistics experts are now experts in the study of everything to do with firearms. Forensic chemists specialize in analyzing such things as tiny chips of paint to determine the color and manufacturer, as well as determining the identity of minuscule amounts of drugs, dyes, and other chemicals and random unidentified particles. Forensic Geologists n Forensic geologists can determine such things as where the suspect or victim walked by examining soil samples taken from their shoes or feet.

n Forensic Entomologists n n Forensic Anthropologists n n Forensic artists can draw a likeness of a person based solely on eyewitness descriptions. Forensic Sculptors n n Forensic anthropologists can, from examining a pile of bones, supply a surprising amount of detail about what the person looked like. Forensic Artists n n Forensic entomologists are specialists in the study of insects. Their training and expertise is as important as that of the forensic specialists. Forensic sculptors can reconstruct faces, usually in modeling clay or on a computer. Forensic Linguists n Forensic linguists analyze the content of written or aural communication to identify who is speaking and indicate the speaker's intent, and can determine whether two communications are from the same person.