The Endocrine System Hormones and diabetes Function of

The Endocrine System Hormones and diabetes

Function of the Endocrine System • Made of glands that release their products directly into the blood stream • These products are called hormones and they deliver messages to parts of the body

Parts of the Endocrine System Pituitary gland Parathyroid glands Thyroid gland Thymus gland Adrenal glands Island of Langerhans Ovaries (female) Testes (male)

Parts of the Endocrine System • The Pituitary gland – Secretes hormones that regulate stress, growth and reproduction – Divided into 2 parts • Anterior pituitary • Superior pituitary

Parts Cont. • The Hypothalamus – Controls the secretions of the pituitary gland – Connects the nervous system to the endocrine system by controlling the pituitary gland – Part of the brain

Parts Cont. • The Thyroid gland – Regulates metabolism by producing the hormone thyroxine – Found in the neck

Parts Cont. • Parathyroid glands – Maintains calcium levels in the blood and in the bones – Beside thyroid glands in the neck

Parts Cont. • Thymus gland – Works with the immune system by providing a place for T lymphocytes to mature – Found behind the sternum in the center of the chest

Parts Cont. • The Adrenal glands – Produce hormones that help the body deal with stress (adrenaline; fight or flight response)

Parts Cont. • The Pancreas – Produce insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels – Found in the center of the body

Parts Cont. • The Reproductive glands (gonads) • The testes in males and the ovaries in females • Have 2 functions – To produce gametes (egg and sperm) – To produce sex hormones – Female sex hormones-estrogen and progesteron – Male sex hormone-testosterone

Endocrine System Diseases • Diabetes-pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body does not properly use insulin • Growth disorders- the pituitary gland produces either too much growth hormone or not enough growth hormone

Feedback Mechanisms-Glue in image

Questions from the Feedback Mechanism graph 1. Why do cells need glucose? 2. According to the graph, what happens to the blood glucose levels after a meal? 3. As the blood glucose levels increase above baseline, which hormone also increases? 4. As the blood glucose levels drop below baseline, which hormone will increase? 5. Is this feedback Positive or Negative?