THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Glands and Hormones What makes

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Glands and Hormones

What makes the Endocrine system unique is that it secretes hormones… These hormones are chemical messengers that are carried through the bloodstream to: Stimulate other glands Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes

Hormones work by finding that specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job…

Major Glands of the Endocrine System Pituitary – also referred to as the “master gland” as it regulates all other endocrine glands Thyroid –responsible for metabolism and growth, how your body uses oxygen and nutrients Parathyroid – regulate calcium and phosphorus in the body Adrenal – secrete adrenaline in emergency or stressful situations Pancreas – responsible for secreting insulin to regulate blood sugar levels in the bloodstream Ovaries – female gonad, responsible for ovum production, estrogen secretion and progesterone release Testes - male gonad, responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

Pituitary Gland Master gland of body Located in the depression of sphenoid bone Produces many hormones that affect other glands Thyroid stimulating hormone Somatotropin- growth hormone Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin ADH- antidiuretic hormone

Giantism- would be oversecretion of somatotropin before puberty Dwarfism- would be undersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics Diabetes insipidusdecreased ADH

Thyroid- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood. Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine Goiter- not enough iodine Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism

Adrenal Glands Located just above the kidney (dunce hats) Secretes many hormones such as: Epinephrine Norepinephrine Many steroid hormones, including estrogen androgens

Pancreas Secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestines Secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells. Secretes glucagonincreases glucose in bloodstream

Diabetes Mellitus Cause – malfunction of gland, decreased secretion of insulin Symptoms Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know it 225, 000 die each year 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending