The Endocrine system Glands and hormones Hormones chemical

The Endocrine system Glands and hormones

�Hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood�May stimulate other glands �Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes

�Hormones need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job

Major Glands of the Endocrine system �Pituitary �Thyroid �Parathyroid �Adrenal �Pancreas �Ovaries �Testes

Pituitary gland �Produces many hormones that affect other glands �thyroid stimulating hormone �Somatotropin- growth hormone �Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation �ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone �Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin �ADH- antidiuretic hormone

�Giantismoversecretion of somatotropin before puberty �Dwarfismundersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics �Diabetes insipidusdecreased ADH

�Thyroid- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood. �Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine � goiter- not enough iodine � hyperthyroidism � hypothyroidism

Adrenal glands �Located just above the kidney �Secretes many hormones �Epinephrine �Norepinephrine �Many steroid hormones, inc estrogen androgens.

Pancreas �pancreatic juices into the intestine �Alpha cells secrete glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream �Beta cells secrete insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells.

Diabetes Mellitus �Cause- decreased secretion of insulin �Symptoms �Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections �Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population �Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know it � 225, 000 die each year � 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending

�Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best) � 1982 - Human Insulin- First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by Genentech